Seesaw Portal to Super Heavy Dark Matter with $Z_3$ Symmetry

Abstract

Right-handed neutrinos $N$ are introduced to explain the origin of the tiny neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. Required by relatively large Yukawa coupling and leptogenesis, masses of right-handed neutrinos are beyond $10^9$ GeV. Such heavy right-handed neutrino can mediate the production of super heavy dark matter $\chi$ via the freeze-in mechanism. In the minimal $Z_2$ symmetric model, the right-hand neutrino portal interaction is $y_N\varphi \bar{\chi }N$ with the dark scalar $\varphi$. One drawback of the $Z_2$ symmetric model is that the mass ordering $m_N>m_{\varphi }$ with long-lived $\varphi$ is almost ruled out by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we propose that by extending the dark symmetry to $Z_3$, one additional interaction $y_{\chi }\varphi {\bar{\chi }}^c\chi$ is further allowed. In this way, the new decay mode $\varphi \to \chi \chi$ would lead to the dark scalar $\varphi$ being short-lived even with a feeble $y_{\chi }$, thus it is allowed by the cosmological constraints. The phenomenology of the $Z_3$ symmetric super heavy dark matter model is also studied in this paper.

Comments: 19 pages, 7 figures