Non-linear Quasi-Normal Modes of the Schwarzschild Black Hole from the Penrose Limit

Abstract

The Penrose limit connects a plane wave geometry to the photon ring of a black hole, where the quasi-normal modes are located in the eikonal limit. Utilizing this simplification, we analytically extract the quadratic-level non-linearities in the quasi-normal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole for the $(\ell \times \ell )\to 2\ell$ channel. We demonstrate that this result is independent of $\ell$ and further confirm it through symmetry arguments.

Comments: 12 pages, 3 appendices