Probing Ultralight Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter with XMM Telescopes

Abstract

Primordial black holes (PBHs), originating from the gravitational collapse of large overdensities in the early Universe, emerge as a compelling dark matter (DM) candidate across a broad mass range. Of particular interest are ultra-light PBHs with masses around $10^{14}$ to $10^{17}$ g, which are typically probed by searching their evaporation products. Using the soft X-ray signal measured by the XMM telescopes, we derive constraints on the fraction of PBHs dark matter with masses in the range $10^{15}$-$10^{16}$ g. We find that observations exclude fraction $f>10^{-6}$ at 95\% C.L. for mass $M_{\mathrm{PBH}}=10^{15}$ g.