Majorana neutrinos in the triple gauge boson coupling $ZZ{Z}^{\ast }$

Abstract

Confirmed by the measurement of neutrino oscillations, neutrino mass is recognized as a genuine manifestation of physics beyond the Standard Model, while its originating mechanism remains a mystery. Moreover, the proper field-theory description of neutrinos, whether they are Majorana or Dirac type, must be linked to such a mechanism. The present work addresses the calculation, estimation, and analysis of one-loop contributions from virtual Majorana neutrinos, light and heavy as well, to the neutral gauge boson coupling $ZZZ$, which participates in $Z$-boson pair production from $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions. This task is carried out in the framework defined by a seesaw variant in which light neutrinos remain massless at tree level, then becoming massive radiatively. The $ZZ{Z}^{\ast }$ coupling, with $Z^{\ast }$ an off-shell $Z$ boson, is defined by two form factors, namely, $f_4$, characterizing CP-odd effects, and $f_5$, which is CP-even. Constraints from the Large Hadron Collider on both these quantities are currently $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$. Our calculation yields CP-nonpreserving contributions to $ZZZ$, which are absent in the framework of the sole Standard Model. Our estimations show that the $f_4$ contribution might be as large as $\mathcal{O}(10^{-7})$ for heavy-neutrino masses $\sim 1\mathrm{TeV}$. CP-even contributions $f_5$ are also generated, which are, in general, larger than their CP-odd counterparts. We estimate them to be as large as $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$ at a center-of-mass energy of $500\mathrm{GeV}$, in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions.

Comments: 20 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables