On Nonlinear Black Hole Ringdowns from Gauge-Invariance and Measurements

Abstract

It has been recently shown that nonlinear effects emerging at the time of the generation of the quasi-normal modes are necessary to model ringdowns from black hole mergers. In this note, we describe how nonlinerarities also arise when defining gauge-invariant tensor modes and in the calculation of the observable measured in the interferometers beyond linear order.

Comments: 10 pages