Particle properties in the early universe from the contraction of the SM gauge group

Abstract

The properties of elementary particles and their interactions at different stages of the evolution of the Universe, starting with the Planck energy $10^{19}$ GeV, are presented. We assume that the Standard Model gauge group becomes simpler as the temperature of the universe increases. The description is based on the hypothesis that the high-energy (high-temperature) limit of the Standard Model is generated by the contraction of the gauge group. An explicit form of the Lagrangian is obtained for each stage of the evolution of the universe and is the basis for describing the properties of elementary particles. These properties change drastically in the infinite temperature limit: all particles lose mass, only massless neutral $Z$ bosons and $u$ quarks, as well as neutrinos and photons, survive. Electroweak interactions become long range and are mediated by neutral currents. All quarks are monochromatic.

Comments: 24 pages, based on a report at the conference dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the birth of N.N. Bogolyubov. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1511.01338, arXiv:2105.13772