Inverse Primakoff Scattering as a Probe of Solar Axions at Liquid Xenon Direct Detection Experiments

Abstract

We show that XENON1T and future liquid xenon (LXe) direct detection experiments are sensitive to axions through the standard $g_{a\gamma }aF\tilde{F}$ operators due to inverse-Primakoff scattering. This previously neglected channel significantly improves the sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling, with a reach extending to $g_{a\gamma }\sim 10^{-10}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ for axion masses up to a keV, thereby extending into the region of heavier QCD axion models. This result modifies the couplings required to explain the XENON1T excess in terms of solar axions, opening a large region of $g_{a\gamma }$ - $m_a$ parameter space which is not ruled out by the CAST helioscope experiment and reducing the tension with the astrophysical constraints. We explore the sensitivity to solar axions for future generations of LXe detectors which can exceed future helioscope experiments, such as IAXO, for a large region of parameter space.

Comments: Added discussion and expanded results w.r.t. atomic form factor choice