Dependence of the static quark free energy on ${\mu }_B$ and the crossover temperature of $N_f=2+1$ QCD

Abstract

We study the dependence of the static quark free energy on the baryon chemical potential for $N_f=2+1$ QCD with physical quark masses, in a range of temperature spanning from 120~MeV up to 1~GeV and adopting a stout staggered discretization with two different values of the Euclidean temporal extension, $N_t=6$ and $N_t=8$. In order to deal with the sign problem, we exploit both Taylor expansion and analytic continuation, obtaining consistent results. We show that the dependence of the free energy on ${\mu }_B$ is sensitive to the location of the chiral crossover, in particular the ${\mu }_B$-susceptibility, i.e. the linear term in ${\mu }_B^2$ in the Taylor expansion of the free energy, has a peak around 150 MeV. We also discuss the behavior expected in the high temperature regime based on perturbation theory, and obtain a good quantitative agreement with numerical results.

Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures