Flavour anomalies after the $R_{K^{\ast }}$ measurement

Abstract

The LHCb measurement of the $\mu /e$ ratio $R_{K^{\ast }}$ indicates a deficit with respect to the Standard Model prediction, supporting earlier hints of lepton universality violation observed in the $R_K$ ratio. We show that the $R_K$ and $R_{K^{\ast }}$ ratios alone constrain the chiralities of the states contributing to these anomalies, and we find deviations from the Standard Model at the $4\sigma$ level. This conclusion is further corroborated by hints in the theoretically challenging $b\to s{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ distributions. Theoretical interpretations in terms of $Z^{\prime }$, lepto-quarks, loop mediators, and composite dynamics are discussed. We highlight their distinctive features in terms of chiralities and flavour structure relevant for the observed anomalies.

Comments: Updated including the Moriond 2019 data from LHCb and Belle. 37 pages, 11 figures