Current quark mass and nonzero-ness of chiral condensates in thermal Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

Abstract

The effect that the current quark mass $M_0$ may result in nonzero-ness of chiral condensates is systematically reexamined and analyzed in a two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model simulating Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at temperature $T$ and finite quark chemical potential $\mu$ without and with electrical neutrality (EN) condition and at any $T$ and $\mu$ without EN condition. By means of a quantitative investigation of the order parameter $m$, it is shown that a nonzero $M_0$ is bound to lead to nonzero quark-antiquark condensates throughout chiral phase transitions , no matter whether the order parameter $m$ varies discontinuously or continuously. In fact, a complete disappearance of the quark-antiquark condensates are proven to demand the non-physical and unrealistic conditions $\mu \ge$ or $\gg \sqrt{{\Lambda }^2+M_0^2}$ if $T=0$ and finite, or $T\to \infty$ if $\mu <\sqrt{{\Lambda }^2+M_0^2}$, where $\Lambda$ is the 3D momentum cut of the loop integrals. Theoretically these results show that when $M_0$ is included, we never have a complete restoration of dynamical (spontaneous) chiral symmetry breaking, including after a first order chiral phase transition at low $T$ and high $\mu$. In physical reality, it is the nonzero-ness of the quark-antiquark condensates that leads to the appearance of a critical end point in the first order phase transition line and the crossover behavior at high $T$ and/or high $\mu$ cases, rather than a possible tricritical point and a second order phase transition line. They also provide a basic reason for that one must consider the interplay between the chiral and diquark condensates in the research on color superconductor at zero $T$ and high $\mu$ case. The research shows that how a source term of the Lagrangian (at present i.e. the current quark mass term) can greatly affect dynamical behavior of a physical system.

Comments: 16 pages, no figure. ed. A. Reimer ( Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, 2010 )