Tensor-multi-scalar theories: relativistic stars and 3+1 decomposition

Abstract

Gravitational theories with multiple scalar fields coupled to the metric and each other --- a natural extension of the well studied single-scalar-tensor theories --- are interesting phenomenological frameworks to describe deviations from general relativity in the strong-field regime. In these theories, the $N$-tuple of scalar fields takes values in a coordinate patch of an $N$-dimensional Riemannian target-space manifold whose properties are poorly constrained by weak-field observations. Here we introduce for simplicity a non-trivial model with two scalar fields and a maximally symmetric target-space manifold. Within this model we present a preliminary investigation of spontaneous scalarization for relativistic, perfect fluid stellar models in spherical symmetry. We find that the scalarization threshold is determined by the eigenvalues of a symmetric scalar-matter coupling matrix, and that the properties of strongly scalarized stellar configurations additionally depend on the target-space curvature radius. In preparation for numerical relativity simulations, we also write down the $3+1$ decomposition of the field equations for generic tensor-multi-scalar theories.

Comments: 32 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, invited contribution to the Classical and Quantum Gravity Focus Issue "Black holes and fundamental fields". v3: version in press in CQG, with various improvements in response to the referees' comments. In particular, the 3+1 decomposition now allows for matter