Large-$N$ limit of the gradient flow in the 2D $O(N)$ nonlinear sigma model

Abstract

The gradient flow equation in the 2D $O(N)$ nonlinear sigma model with lattice regularization is solved in the leading order of the $1/N$ expansion. By using this solution, we analytically compute the thermal expectation value of a lattice energy--momentum tensor defined through the gradient flow. The expectation value reproduces thermodynamic quantities obtained by the standard large-$N$ method. This analysis confirms that the above lattice energy--momentum tensor restores the correct normalization automatically in the continuum limit, in a system with a non-perturbative mass gap.

Comments: 16 pages, 6 figures, the final version to appear in PTEP