Axion Dark Matter and Cosmological Parameters

Abstract

We observe that photon cooling after big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) but before recombination can remove the conflict between the observed and theoretically predicted value of the primordial abundance of ${}^7$Li. Such cooling is ordinarily difficult to achieve. However, the recent realization that dark matter axions form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) provides a possible mechanism, because the much colder axions may reach thermal contact with the photons. This proposal predicts a high effective number of neutrinos as measured by the cosmic microwave anisotropy spectrum.

Comments: 4 pages, one figure. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett., incorporating useful comments by the referees and emphasizing that photon cooling by axion BEC is a possibility, not a certainty