Mass Hierarchy Determination for ${\theta }_{13}=0$ and Atmospheric Neutrinos

Abstract

We examine the possibility of determining the neutrino mass hierarchy in the limit \theta_{13} = 0 using atmospheric neutrinos as the source. In this limit, in which \theta_{13} driven matter effects are absent, independent measurements of \Delta_{31} and \Delta_{32} can, in principle, lead to hierarchy determination. Since the difference between these two is \Delta_{21}, one needs an experimental arrangement where \Delta_{21} L/E \gtrsim 1 can be achieved. This condition can be satisfied by atmospheric neutrinos since they have a large range of energies and baselines. In spite of this, we find that hierarchy determination in the \theta_{13}=0 limit with atmospheric neutrinos is not a realistic possibility, even in conjunction with an apparently synergistic beam experiment like T2K or NOvA. We discuss the reasons for this, and also in the process clarify the conditions that must be satisfied in general for hierarchy determination if \theta_{13} = 0.

Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures. Focus of the paper changed to atmospheric neutrinos, but main result unchanged. Title changed to reflect the change in focus