Nuclear Theory·nucl-th
12 papers—5 primary·7 cross-listed
MFGSB, a computer code for self-consistent mean-field calculations of atomic nuclei using the Gaussian expansion method, is now accessible at Chiba University Repository.
M.A. Martemianov · B.M. Abramov · S.A. Bulychjov · I.A. Dukhovskoy · V.V. Kulikov · A.A. Kulikovskaya · M.A. Matsyuk
The development of nucleus-nucleus interaction models is a rapidly developing area of heavy-ion physics. Recently, a new model DCM-QGSM-SMM, developed at JINR and oriented toward use within the NICA project at energies of several GeV/nucleon, became available. However, the mechanisms of nuclear interactions used in this model can potentially operate effectively at lower energies. In this paper, the model predictions are compared with the FRAGM and FIRST/GSI experimental data in the energy range of nucleus-nucleus interactions starting from 300 MeV/nucleon, as well as with the predictions of other models used in this energy range.
Alessandro Lovato🇺🇸 · Giuseppe Carleo🇨🇭 · Bryce Fore🇺🇸 · Morten Hjorth-Jensen🇳🇴 · Jane Kim🇺🇸 · Arnau Rios🇪🇸 · Noemi Rocco🇺🇸
A long-standing goal of nuclear theory is to explain how the structure and dynamics of atomic nuclei and neutron-star matter emerge from the underlying interactions among protons and neutrons. Achieving this goal requires solving the nuclear quantum many-body problem with high accuracy across a wide range of length scales and density regimes. In this review, we discuss how artificial neural network representations of the nuclear many-body wave function have significantly extended the capabilities of continuum quantum Monte Carlo methods. In particular, neural network quantum states enable calculations of larger systems than were previously accessible and provide a flexible framework for capturing phenomena that challenge conventional approaches, including the emergence of nuclear clusters and superfluid phases in dense matter. We highlight recent applications to finite nuclei, infinite nuclear and neutron matter, and dynamical processes relevant to lepton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus scattering. We also discuss conceptual and methodological connections with condensed matter physics, emphasizing developments in neural network quantum states that bridge strongly correlated systems across disciplines. Together, these developments demonstrate how neural-network methods open new avenues toward unified and accurate descriptions of nuclear structure, matter, and reactions.
Shuochong Han🇨🇳 · Ang Li🇨🇳
We perform a comprehensive Bayesian analyses of Au + Au collision data at 1.23 GeV/nucleon using an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model that incorporates a momentum-dependent mean field and medium-modified baryon-baryon cross sections. The model parameters are calibrated to empirical properties of nuclear matter at saturation density, with particular attention to variations in the incompressibility . Within a Bayesian statistical framework and using a Gaussian Process emulator, we simultaneously extract constraints on the incompressibility and the in-medium baryon-baryon scattering modification factor by systematically comparing model predictions with HADES measurements of proton collective flow, including the slopes ( and ) of directed and triangular flow, as well as elliptic () and quadrupole () flow observables. We find that the extracted incompressibility favors relatively small values, indicating a soft nuclear equation of state, while the inferred average values fall at -, suggesting mild suppression of baryon-baryon cross sections in the medium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that transport models employing momentum-independent mean fields require stiffer equations of state and stronger in-medium corrections to reproduce the same observables. These results highlight the critical role of momentum dependence in the mean field and its interplay with in-medium scattering in constraining the properties of dense nuclear matter from heavy-ion collisions.
Hiroyuki Tajima🇯🇵 · Kei Iida🇯🇵 · Toru Kojo🇯🇵 · Haozhao Liang🇯🇵
The dense matter equation of state is of great interest due to the recent development of astrophysical observations for neutron stars. A rapid increase in pressure indicates a continuous crossover from a hadron phase to a quark phase without any phase transitions, yet its microscopic mechanism remains elusive. Recently, a peak in the speed of sound and a baryon momentum-shell structure, which are predicted from a quarkyonic matter picture, have been regarded as key features of the hadron-quark crossover. In this work, we explore a field-theoretical framework to describe the hadron-quark crossover, drawing an analogy with the Bose-Einstein condensate to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BEC-BCS) crossover established in ultracold atomic experiments. Strikingly, a peak in the speed of sound and the baryon momentum-shell structure can simultaneously be explained by the tripling fluctuation effect arising from a different context of quantum many-body physics. We demonstrate these properties in a simplified model and provide a microscopic derivation of the quarkyonic matter model within our field-theoretical framework.
Bhagyarathi Sahoo🇮🇳 · Captain R. Singh🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳
The findings on the spin polarization of , , and hyperons and spin alignment of , , and mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments at the RHIC and LHC facilities propose the emergence of a strong vorticity field produced in these collisions. Contemplating the potential impact of vorticity on the space-time evolution of deconfined QCD matter and its freeze-out properties, we aim to investigate its characteristics within the medium. We introduce a complementary and data-driven approach to quantify the global vorticity field by extracting it directly from the transverse momentum spectra of produced hadrons. Employing the experimental data for , , , , , , , and at mid-rapidity in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions over a wide range of beam energies, GeV-5.02 TeV, and centrality classes, we systematically examine spin-vorticity coupling in the medium. Our finding on the magnitude of the extracted vorticity is consistent with values deduced from and polarization measurements using statistical thermal models under the non-relativistic limit. Notably, we observe a prominent particle-species dependence of the vorticity, as well as a non-trivial variation with collision centrality and beam energy. These results indicate that vorticity-driven spin phenomena are sensitive to hadron structure and freeze-out dynamics, providing new constraints on the rotational properties of the QCD matter.
Naomichi Hatano · Gonzalo Ordonez
We review analyses of open quantum systems. We show how non-Hermiticity arises in an open quantum system with an infinite environment, focusing on the one-body problem. One of the reasons for taking the present approach is that we can solve the problem completely, making it easier to see the structures of problems involving open quantum systems. We show that this results in the discovery of a new complete set, which is one of the main topics of the present article. Another reason for focusing on the one-body problem is that the theory permits the strong coupling between the system and the environment. In the current research landscape, it is valuable to revisit the one-body problem for open quantum systems, which can be solved accurately for arbitrary strengths of the system-environment couplings. A rigorous understanding of the problem structures in the present approach will be helpful when we tackle problems with many-body interactions. First, we consider potential scattering and directly define the resonant state as an eigenstate of the Schrödinger equation under the Siegert outgoing boundary condition. We show that the resonant eigenstate can have a complex energy eigenvalue, even though the Hamiltonian is seemingly Hermitian. Second, we introduce the Feshbach formalism, which eliminates the infinite degrees of freedom of the environment and represents its effect as a complex potential. The resulting effective Hamiltonian is explicitly non-Hermitian. By unifying these two ways of defining resonant states, we obtain a new complete set of bases for the scattering problem that contains all discrete eigenstates, including resonant states. We finally mention the non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems. We emphasize the time-reversal symmetry of the dynamics that continuously connects the past and the future. We can capture it using the new complete set that we develop here.
This work extends previous results on the inverse scattering problem within the framework of Marchenko theory (fixed- inversion). In particular, I approximate an -channel -matrix as a function of the first-channel momentum by a sum of a rational term and a truncated sinc series for each matrix element. Relativistic kinematics are taken into account through the correct momentum-energy relation, and the necessary minor generalization of Marchenko theory is given. For energies where only a subset of scattering channels is open, the analytic structure of the -matrix is analyzed. I demonstrate that the submatrix corresponding to closed channels, particularly near their thresholds, can be reconstructed from the experimentally accessible submatrix of open channels.The convergence of the proposed method is verified by applying it to data generated from a direct solution of the scattering problem for a known potential, and comparing the reconstructed potential with the original one. Finally, the method is applied to the analysis of scattering data.
Hajime Sotani · Zorawar Wadiasingh · Cecilia Chirenti
By identifying quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) reported in FRB 20240114A (from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) with neutron star crustal torsional oscillations, together with experimental constraints on the incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter at saturation density, we constrain the mass and radius of an extragalactic neutron star at redshift . Identifying the low-order QPO frequencies as fundamental oscillations, and frequencies of or (rest frame) as first overtone candidates, implies neutron star mass ranges of -- or --, respectively. The radius is also constrained, with a self-consistent value around ~km, consistent with the calculation of the NS structure within the low-mass/low-central density regime. Simultaneously, we also constrain another nuclear saturation parameter, namely the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density (i.e., the slope parameter), , and determine it to be MeV with systematic uncertainty, which is broadly consistent with previous constraints on obtained from experiments and astronomical observations. Thus, a mapping of FRB QPOs to crustal torsional modes seems reasonable. This interpretation will be tested with the discovery of additional QPOs in upcoming FRB surveys.
Luiz L. Lopes🇧🇷 · Cesar V. Flores🇧🇷 · Débora P. Menezes🇧🇷
In this work, we study the effect of the symmetry slope on the observables of weakly and strongly magnetized neutron stars within the chaotic magnetic field approximation. We investigate the impact of the symmetry energy slope in the equation of state, as well as on the observables of neutron stars, by calculating their masses, radii, redshifts, tidal deformabilities, and fundamental-mode gravitational-wave frequencies. We show that the effect of the magnetic field is strong on low mass stars, producing a softer equation of state and correspondingly lower values of radii. Furthermore, the magnetic field also causes a significant drop in the dimensionless tidal parameter even when the effects on the radii are small. At the end of the paper, we discuss the effects of the magnetic field in neutron stars' universal relations.
Lorenzo Gavassino🇬🇧 · Áron D. Kovács🇬🇧 · Harvey S. Reall🇬🇧
There has been recent progress in developing well-posed theories of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics and of gravitational effective field theories. These have in common the feature that they introduce unphysical degrees of freedom. We address the problem of how these should be treated. We propose a ''reduction of order'' approach which is applied not at the level of equations of motion but only to initial data. This specifies uniquely the data for the unphysical modes in terms of the data for the physical modes. We argue that the apparent breaking of Lorentz invariance associated with this approach is not a problem provided one restricts to Lorentz frames for which the assumptions of effective field theory are manifestly valid.
Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Mathias Butenschoen🇩🇪 · Simon Hibler🇩🇪 · Abhishek Mohapatra🇩🇪 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪 · Xiangpeng Wang🇨🇳
We use the Born--Oppenheimer effective field theory factorization to compute the inclusive production cross sections of the and its partner in the bottomonium sector. In the same framework, we compute the production cross sections of the pentaquark states , , and within two possible scenarios for the Born--Oppenheimer potentials. Also for pentaquarks, we extend the results to the bottomonium sector. All our results are genuine predictions that do not involve fits to prompt hadroproduction data.
first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE