Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Tuesday·July 22, 2025

17 papers—8 primary·9 cross-listed

01
[Submitted on 17 Jul 2025]
Spectral BBGKY: a scalable scheme for nonlinear Boltzmann and correlation kinetics
Xingjian Lu🇨🇳 · Shuzhe Shi🇨🇳
The Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy provides a time-reversal-symmetric framework for describing the nonequilibrium evolution of many-body systems. Despite the success of Boltzmann-based numerical approaches, systematically extending beyond this lowest-order truncation to the full nonlinear BBGKY hierarchy remains a major challenge. Moreover, even at the Boltzmann level, accurately treating the nonlinear collision term still presents significant difficulties. Here we propose the spectral BBGKY hierarchy, an analytically equivalent and numerically tractable reformulation of the conventional BBGKY hierarchy. The spectral formulation reduces the original 6n-dimensional phase-space problem to the evolution of spectral coefficients over the 3n-dimensional coordinate space. We also develop an analytic scheme for computing the collision integrals, which achieves high accuracy and removes the need for ensemble averaging over repeated stochastic evolutions from the same initial state. The scheme evaluates the full eight-fold integral exactly for massless particles, and reduces it to a three-fold one for massive particles. The validity of the spectral BBGKY hierarchy is verified through conservation law analysis, comparison with an analytical solution, convergence tests, and analysis of spectral coefficient leakage. At minimal truncation, the spectral BBGKY yields a spectral nonlinear Boltzmann equation that captures full dynamics with a computational cost comparable to that of linearized approaches. When extended to higher-order truncations, the spectral BBGKY hierarchy provides a flexible framework for studying multiparticle correlations. This framework advances our ability to investigate the early thermalization puzzle in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and to elucidate the applicability of hydrodynamics at remarkably early stages of quark-gluon plasma evolution.
Comments:
25 pages, 4 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph)
arXiv:
2507.14243 [pdf]
PRC(2026)·7 citations
02
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025]
Probing of EoS with clusters and hypernuclei
Yingjie Zhou🇩🇪 · Susanne Glässel🇩🇪 · Yue-Hang Leung🇩🇪 · Viktar Kireyeu🇷🇺 · Jiaxing Zhao🇩🇪 · Hui Liu🇨🇳 · Christoph Blume🇩🇪 · Iouri Vassiliev🇩🇪 · Vadim Voronyuk🇷🇺 · Michael Winn🇫🇷 · Norbert Herrmann🇩🇪 · Yaping Wang🇨🇳 and 3 other authors
The study of the nuclear equation-of-state (EoS) is a one of the primary goals of experimental and theoretical heavy-ion physics. The comparison of recent high statistics data from the STAR Collaboration with transport models provides a unique possibility to address this topic in a yet unexplored energy domain. Employing the microscopic N-body Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics (PHQMD) transport approach, which allows to describe the propagation and interactions of hadronic and partonic degrees of freedom including cluster and hyper-nucleus formation and dynamics, we investigate the influence of different EoS on bulk observables, the multiplicity, $p_{T}$ and rapidity distributions of protons, $Λ$ s and clusters up to A=4 as well as their influence on the collective flow. We explore three different EoS: two static EoS, dubbed 'soft' and 'hard', which differ in the compressibility modulus, as well as a soft momentum dependent EoS. We find that a soft momentum dependent EoS reproduces most baryon and cluster observables, including the flow observables, quantitatively, however, hard EOS show a similar trend.
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph)
arXiv:
2507.14255 [pdf]
PRC(2026)·11 citations
03
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025]
Deciphering the dynamics of nuclear collisions with elongated structure of $^{20}$ Ne
Deependra Sharma🇮🇳 · Arpit Singh🇮🇳 · Sadhana Dash🇮🇳
We investigate the role of intrinsic nuclear geometry of $^{20}$ Ne nucleus in particle production in small collision systems. Discrete geometrical representations of $^{20}$ Ne, including bi-pyramidal $α$ -cluster structure in two different configurations along with NLEFT configurations, are implemented within the Monte Carlo Pythia8/Angantyr framework. The resulting particle production observables in $^{20}$ Ne- $^{20}$ Ne collisions at $s_{N N}$ = 5.36 TeV are systematically compared with those obtained using conventional Woods-Saxon description as well as with the available hydrodynamic model calculations. We investigate the sensitivity of charged particle multiplicity, transverse momentum distributions and mean transverse momentum $⟨ p_{T} ⟩$ to nuclear geometry, $α$ -clustering, and orientation effects of $^{20}$ Ne nucleus. While explicit clustering and orientation dependence lead to a noticeable modifications in final state charged particle multiplicity, their impact on transverse momentum spectra and $⟨ p_{T} ⟩$ remain modest in central collisions. The results highlight the role of intrinsic nuclear geometry and specific orientation of the colliding nuclei, providing insight into the dynamics of small systems in non-hydrodynamic particle production framework.
Comments:
11 pages, 9 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th)
arXiv:
2507.14262 [pdf]
1 citation
04
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025]
Sources of Radial Flow Fluctuations in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Jiangyong Jia🇺🇸
The differential radial flow fluctuation $v_{0} (p_{T})$ has emerged as a new probe of the quark-gluon plasma. However, its characteristic rise-and-fall pattern with $p_{T}$ , resembling anisotropic flow, remains unexplained. I introduce a momentum rescaling framework that factorizes $v_{0} (p_{T})$ into kinematic and dynamical components: $v_{0} (p_{T}) / v_{0} = - [d ln ⟨ n (p_{T})⟩ / d ln p_{T} + 1] \times g (p_{T})$ . The first factor, determined by spectral shape, generates the rise-and-fall pattern as the spectra transition from exponential to power-law behavior. The dynamical component $g (p_{T})$ isolates $p_{T}$ -dependent dynamics: $< 1$ signals suppressed fluctuations, $> 1$ indicates enhancement. Analysis of LHC data reveals $g (p_{T})$ deviates from unity by 20-40% in central collisions. Predictions for RHIC show that spectral shape alone generates the rise-and-fall baseline pattern with substantial energy dependence. This framework enables tighter medium property constraints by separating kinematic from dynamical effects, with broad applications to anisotropic flow and higher-order radial flow fluctuations.
Comments:
7 pages, 7 figures, including an appendix. Version published in Physical Review Letters
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
arXiv:
2507.14399 [pdf]
PRL(2026)·11 citations
05
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025]
Bayesian Inference of Nuclear-Matter Density from Proton Scattering
J.C. Zamora🇺🇸
Background: Proton elastic scattering at intermediate energy is widely employed as a tool for determining the matter radius of atomic nuclei. The sensitivity of the approach relies on high-resolution measurements at small scattering angles and low-momentum transfer. Under these conditions, the Glauber multiple scattering theory accurately describes the proton-nucleus elastic cross section. Purpose: Investigate the sensitivity of the Glauber multiple scattering theory to uncertainties associated with input parameters such as the nuclear-matter density distribution and nucleon-nucleon data. Method: A joint Bayesian inference was performed using 12 angular distributions of elastic scattering at different energies on $^{58}$ Ni, $^{90}$ Zr, and $^{208}$ Pb targets. A Metropolis-Hastings algorithm was implemented to make an uncertainty quantification analysis for the input parameters used in the Glauber multiple scattering theory. Results: The experimental cross sections were fitted simultaneously using a joint Bayesian inference approach. Posterior probability density distributions of 42 input parameters were obtained from the analysis. A moderate correlation between the nuclear density parameters and the nucleon-nucleon cross sections was found. This correlation impacts the extraction of the nuclear-matter radius. Conclusions: The present analysis provided a consistent method for extracting the nuclear-matter density distribution of $^{58}$ Ni, $^{90}$ Zr, and $^{208}$ Pb from data across different incident energies. Due to the correlation of the nucleon-nucleon cross sections with the other input parameters, a constrained Bayesian inference using free nucleon-nucleon cross section data was performed. The nuclear-matter radii obtained from the analysis are in good agreement with multiple results reported in the literature
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
arXiv:
2507.14402 [pdf]
PRC(2025)·0 citations
06
[Submitted on 19 Jul 2025]
Shell model description of the $N = 82$ isotonic chain with a new effective interaction
Y. X. Yu · Q. Y. Chen · Chong Qi · G. J. Fu
In this work, we present a systematic study of low-lying states and electromagnetic properties of the semi-magic $N = 82$ isotonic chain with proton number $Z = 51$ -77, using the full configuration interaction shell model with a newly developed high-quality effective interaction. The calculations are performed in a large model space that includes all proton orbitals between $Z = 50$ and 82: $0 g_{7/2}$ , $1 d_{5/2}$ , $1 d_{3/2}$ , $2 s_{1/2}$ , and $0 h_{11/2}$ . The effective interaction is derived through the principal component analysis approach, starting from 160 two-body matrix elements and 5 single-particle energies and considering up to 30 degrees of freedom. Those are optimized by fitting to 204 available experimental energy levels. The resulting root-mean-square deviation is as low as 102 keV. The new interaction successfully reproduces the binding energies, low-lying spectra, electric quadrupole transition probabilities $B (E 2)$ , and magnetic dipole moments across both even-even and odd-mass isotones. The nuclear structure of low-lying states is analyzed in detail. Additionally, predictions are made for several more proton-rich nuclei beyond current experimental reach, including $^{155} Ta$ , $^{156} W$ , $^{157} Re$ , $^{158} Os$ , and $^{159} Ir$ .
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.14506 [pdf]
PRC(2026)·2 citations
07
[Submitted on 19 Jul 2025]
Toward scalable quantum computations of atomic nuclei
Chenyi Gu🇺🇸 · Matthias Heinz🇺🇸 · Oriel Kiss🇨🇭 · Thomas Papenbrock🇺🇸
We solve the nuclear two-body and three-body bound states via quantum simulations of pionless effective field theory on a lattice in position space. While the employed lattice remains small, the usage of local Hamiltonians including two- and three-body forces ensures that the number of Pauli terms scales linearly with increasing numbers of lattice sites. We use an adaptive ansatz grown from unitary coupled cluster theory to parametrize the ground states of the deuteron and $^{3}$ He, compute their corresponding energies, and analyze the scaling of the required computational resources. Our quantum simulations reproduce exact benchmarks for $^{2}$ H and $^{3}$ He within 100 keV, requiring at most 30 layers in the ansatz and thus resulting in modest circuit depths. Additionally, we find the number of shots required to reach a given precision scales linearly in the lattice size and more mildly in the system size. Based on the agreement with exact benchmarks and mild scaling, we conclude that this can be an efficient, scalable approach for quantum computations of nuclear ground states, particularly to prepare initial states for quantum phase estimation or other filtering algorithms.
Comments:
15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, published version
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:
2507.14690 [pdf]
PRC(2026)·14 citations
08
[Submitted on 21 Jul 2025]
Radiative corrections to the parity-violating spin asymmetry
D.H.Jakubassa-Amundsen🇩🇪 · X.Roca-Maza🇪🇸
The parity-violating spin asymmetry Apv for elastic electron scattering from spin-zero nuclei, together with its QED corrections, is evaluated non-perturbatively within the phase-shift analysis. Dispersion corrections, taking into account low-lying transient nuclear excitations, are estimated with the help of the lowest-order $γ Z$ box diagrams. Collision energies between 5 $-$ 500 MeV are considered, and results are provided for the $^{12}$ C and $^{208}$ Pb target nuclei. In addition, we have evaluated Apv at GeV energies and small scattering angles -- relevant for the Pb Radius Experiment (PREx) -- revealing that the low-lying nuclear excited states give no measurable dispersive contribution. However, they are important at lower energies and backward angles.
Comments:
Accepted version (PRC)
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
arXiv:
2507.15380 [pdf]
PRC(2026)·3 citations
09
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Universal parameters of the $Λ (1380)$ , the $Λ (1405)$ and their isospin partners from a combined analysis of Lattice QCD and experimental results
Ferenc Pittler🇨🇾 · Maxim Mai🇨🇭 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪 · Ryan F. Ferguson🇬🇧 · Peter Hurck🇬🇧 · David G. Ireland🇬🇧 · Bryan McKinnon🇬🇧
We perform a global analysis of lattice and experimental data on negative-strangeness meson-baryon scattering using a large set of variations of the theoretical framework based on the Chiral Unitary Approach. For the former, the Lüscher formalism is utilized taking into account all pertinent coupled-channel effects. Through this, systematic uncertainties related to data scarcity, potential ambiguities, and possible framework dependence are quantified for the first time. The implementation of information criteria and other statistical tools is discussed. As a final result we provide pole positions for isoscalar resonances at the physical and lattice points including statistical and systematic uncertainties. Predictions for the isovector states are also provided showing large uncertainties.
Comments:
55 pages, 57 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.14283 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·11 citations
10
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Speed of sound peak in isospin QCD: a natural prediction of the Medium Separation Scheme
Bruno S. Lopes🇧🇷 · Dyana C. Duarte🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷
We present predictions for the zero-temperature equation of state at finite isospin density using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model within the medium separation scheme (MSS) -- a scheme that explicitly disentangles medium effects from the ultraviolet divergent vacuum terms. Recent lattice QCD results reveal a nonmonotonic speed of sound ( $c_{s}^{2}$ ) as a function of isospin chemical potential ( $μ_{I}$ ), exhibiting explicit violation of the conformal bound $c_{s}^{2} = 1/3$ . These findings have attracted significant theoretical interest, as established models -- including the NJL model -- failed to anticipate this behavior prior to lattice simulations. Conventional NJL implementations yield unphysical artifacts, often attributed to regularization scale sensitivity stemming from nonrenormalizability. However, in this work, we demonstrate that the standard NJL framework combined with MSS quantitatively reproduces state-of-the-art lattice data for isospin QCD.
Comments:
8 pages, 4 figures. Updated to match the published version
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.14343 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·15 citations
11
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Goldstone bosons across thermal phase transitions
Peter Lowdon🇩🇪 · Owe Philipsen🇩🇪
Temperature has a significant effect on the properties of quantum field theories (QFTs) with a spontaneously broken symmetry, in particular on the massless Goldstone bosons that exist in the vacuum state. It has recently been shown using lattice calculations for a $U (1)$ complex scalar field theory that the Goldstone mode persists even when the symmetry is restored above the critical temperature $T_{c}$ , and has the properties of a screened excitation, a so-called thermoparticle. In this work, we continue the investigation of this theory by determining explicitly how the Goldstone mode evolves as the temperature is increased both below and above $T_{c}$ . We find that the two phases of the theory are entirely characterised by the thermal dissipative effects experienced by the Goldstone mode, with the broken and symmetry-restored phases associated with weak and strong damping, respectively. These findings are consistent with the non-perturbative constraints imposed by spontaneous symmetry breaking, and provide a new way in which to characterise thermal phase transitions in QFTs.
Comments:
18 pages, 5 figures; v2: additional discussion added, matches published version. Figure data attached
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.14348 [pdf]
JHEP(2026)·4 citations
12
[Submitted on 18 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
On the Impossibility of Obtaining Time-Independent, Three-Dimensional, Spherically-Symmetric Densities of Confined Systems of Relativistically Moving Constituents
Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸
The quantum mechanical definition of probability, the uncertainty principle and Poincare invariance provide strong basic restrictions on the ability to define spatial densities associated with form factors describing the properties of confined systems of relativistically moving constituents. Despite this, many papers ignore one or more of these restrictions. Here I show how to obtain time-independent, two-dimensional densities that are consistent with the stated restrictions. This is done using the light-front, infinite momentum frame formalism. Two-dimensional density interpretations of the axial-vector form factor and all three gravitational form factors are obtained. Additionally, an expression of a two-dimensional mass density related to the trace of the energy momentum tensor is obtained. I also show that all known methods for finding three-dimensional densities: using the Breit frame, Abel transformations, Wigner distributions and spherically-symmetric wave packets with vanishing spatial extent violate the basic restrictions in different manners. Furthermore, the use of the latter leads to densities that vanish almost everywhere in space as time increases from an initial value.
Comments:
16 pages, 4 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.14388 [pdf]
PRC(2025)·10 citations
13
[Submitted on 20 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
First Extraction of the $ϕ$ - $^{4} He$ scattering length from near-threshold $ϕ$ photoproduction on helium-4
Chengdong Han🇨🇳 · Wei Kou🇨🇳 · Rong Wang🇨🇳 · Xurong Chen🇨🇳
We present a model-independent extraction of the phi-4He scattering length from near-threshold phi photoproduction on helium-4, based on LEPS Collaboration data for the coherent process gamma + 4He -> phi + 4He and the Vector Meson Dominance framework. Assuming an energy-independent differential cross section, we extract the absolute value of the phi-4He scattering length |alpha_{phi4He}| = (3.33 +- 0.06) x 10^{-4} fm from a fit at threshold t_thr. This value is orders of magnitude smaller than those for phi-N and phi-d scattering lengths, indicating an inverse dependence of |alpha_VA| on the target nucleus mass. Our results provide new insight into the phi-nucleus interaction, supporting the notion of weak phi-nucleus coupling. We further explore the dependence of |alpha_VA| on the vector meson mass, the target atom mass, and the threshold energy. An approximate exponential suppression of |alpha_VA| is observed with increasing vector meson mass or target atom mass, indicating that heavier vector mesons or heavier target nuclei exhibit weaker couplings in vector meson-nucleus interactions.
Comments:
6 pages, 5 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.14972 [pdf]
EPJC(2025)·0 citations
14
[Submitted on 21 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Is the shear induced spin polarization non-dissipative?
Jia-Rong Wang🇨🇳 · Shuo Fang🇨🇳 · Di-Lun Yang🇹🇼 · Shi Pu🇨🇳
The shear-induced polarization plays a crucial role in understanding the local polarization of $Λ$ and $Λ$ hyperons. A key puzzle is whether the shear-induced polarization is non-dissipative or not. In this work, we analyzed the shear-induced polarization and the anomalous Hall effects using the entropy flow and H-theorem introduced from quantum (chiral) kinetic theory. While the shear-induced polarization and the anomalous Hall effect do not directly contribute to the entropy production rate, the perturbations associated with the shear tensor lead to an increase in entropy, similar to the role of the shear tensor in classical kinetic theory. We also examined these effects within the framework of linear response theory using Zubarev's approach. The analysis of time-reversal transformation on the spin current in coordinate space suggests that shear-induced polarization violates time-reversal symmetry and, therefore, should vanish. However, a similar analysis of the Wigner function in phase space does not impose any additional constraints on shear-induced polarization, allowing it to persist in phase space as expected. This discussion indicates that time-reversal analysis in coordinate space alone may not be sufficient to determine whether an effect is dissipative. Furthermore, our analysis based on Zubarev's approach suggests that these effects may indeed possess a dissipative nature. These findings highlight the limitations of the current theoretical framework in fully characterizing the dissipative properties of these phenomena.
Comments:
19 pages, no figure
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.15238 [pdf]
PRD(2026)·5 citations
15
[Submitted on 21 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Spin correlations and Bell nonlocality in $Λ Λ ˉ$ pair production from $e^{+} e^{-}$ collisions with a thrust cut
Shi-Jia Lin🇨🇳 · Ming-Jun Liu🇨🇳 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳 · Shu-Yi Wei🇨🇳
We present a comprehensive theoretical study of spin correlations in $Λ Λ ˉ$ production from $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation, providing the theoretical predictions for the Belle II experiment. Using soft-collinear effective theory, we perform the first resummation of large logarithms for the longitudinal ( $C_{LL}$ ) and transverse ( $C_{T T}$ ) spin correlations for events with a cut on the thrust variable. Our calculation achieves next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and incorporates the determination of polarized fragmenting jet functions. This framework provides robust predictions with significantly reduced theoretical uncertainties compared to fixed-order parton model approaches. Furthermore, we establish a direct mapping between the experimentally accessible spin correlation, $C_{T T}$ , and a testable CHSH-Bell inequality. This result reframes $C_{T T}$ as a quantitative probe of quantum decoherence, providing a novel tool to measure the degree of parton-level entanglement that survives the fragmentation and hadronization process.
Comments:
32 pages, 5 figures, journal version
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.15387 [pdf]
JHEP(2025)·31 citations
16
[Submitted on 21 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-th)
The role of scalar current coupling along surfaces
F.A. Barone🇧🇷 · L.H.C. Borges🇧🇷 · G. Flores-Hidalgo🇧🇷 · H.L. Oliveira🇧🇷 · W.Y.A. da Silva🇧🇷
In this paper we propose a coupling between the complex scalar field and an external Dirac delta-like planar potential. The coupling is achieved through the Klein-Gordon current normal to the plane where the potential is concentrated. The results are obtained exactly and exhibit many peculiarities. We show that a complex scalar charge does not interact with the potential, but the potential modifies the interaction between two scalar charges if they are placed on opposite sides of the planar potential. When the coupling constant between the potential and the field goes to infinity, the classical field solutions satisfy a kind of MIT boundary conditions along the plane where the potential is concentrated.
Comments:
24 pages, 2 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2507.15625 [pdf]
EPJC(2024)·5 citations
17
[Submitted on 21 Jul 2025] (cross-list from hep-lat)
TASI/CERN/KITP Lecture Notes on "Toward Quantum Computing Gauge Theories of Nature"
Zohreh Davoudi🇺🇸
A hallmark of the computational campaign in nuclear and particle physics is the lattice-gauge-theory program. It continues to enable theoretical predictions for a range of phenomena in nature from the underlying Standard Model. The emergence of a new computational paradigm based on quantum computing, therefore, can introduce further advances in this program. In particular, it is believed that quantum computing will make possible first-principles studies of matter at extreme densities, and in and out of equilibrium, hence improving our theoretical description of early universe, astrophysical environments, and high-energy particle collisions. Developing and advancing a quantum-computing based lattice-gauge-theory program, therefore, is a vibrant and fast-moving area of research in theoretical nuclear and particle physics. These lecture notes introduce the topic of quantum computing lattice gauge theories in a pedagogical manner, with an emphasis on theoretical and algorithmic aspects of the program, and on the most common approaches and practices, to keep the presentation focused and useful. Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories is introduced within the Kogut-Susskind framework, the notion of Hilbert space and physical states is discussed, and some elementary numerical methods for performing Hamiltonian simulations are discussed. Quantum-simulation preliminaries and digital quantum-computing basics are presented, which set the stage for concrete examples of gauge-theory quantum-circuit design and resource analysis. A step-by-step analysis is provided for a simpler Abelian gauge theory, and an overview of our current understanding of the quantum-computing cost of quantum chromodynamics is presented in the end. Examples and exercises augment the material, and reinforce the concepts and methods introduced throughout.
Comments:
58 pages, 14 figures, 7 exercises; v2: minor typos fixed
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:
2507.15840 [pdf]
19 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE