Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Tuesday·June 11, 2024

16 papers—10 primary·6 cross-listed

01
[Submitted on 7 Jun 2024]
Characterizing the nuclear models informed by PREX and CREX: a view from Bayesian inference
Tianqi Zhao · Zidu Lin · Bharat Kumar · Andrew W. Steiner · Madappa Prakash
New measurements of the weak charge density distributions of $^{48}$ Ca and $^{208}$ Pb challenge existing nuclear models. In the post-PREX-CREX era, it is unclear if current models can simultaneously describe weak charge distributions along with accurate measurements of binding energy and charge radii. In this letter, we explore the parameter space of relativistic and non-relativistic models to study the differences between the electric and weak form factors, $Δ F = F_{c h} - F_{W}$ , in $^{48}$ Ca and $^{208}$ Pb. We show, for the first time, which aspects of mean-field models are the most important in determining the relative magnitude of the neutron skin in lead and calcium nuclei. We carefully disentangle the tension between the PREX-2/CREX constraints and the ability of the RMF and Skyrme models to accurately describe binding energies and charge radii. We find that the nuclear symmetry energy coefficient $S_{V}$ and the isovector spin-orbit coefficient $b_{4}^{'}$ play different roles in determining $Δ F$ of $^{48}$ Ca and $^{208}$ Pb. Consequently, adjusting $S_{V}$ or $b_{4}^{'}$ shifts predicted $Δ F$ values toward or away from PREX-2/CREX measurements. Additionally, $S_{V}$ and the slope L are marginally correlated given the prior constraints of our Bayesian inference, allowing us to infer them separately from PREX-2/CREX data.
Comments:
6 pages, 3 figures in the letter, 11 pages, 10 figures in the supplemental material
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
arXiv:
2406.05267 [pdf]
PRResearch(2025)·18 citations
02
[Submitted on 8 Jun 2024]
Formation of transfermium elements in reactions with $^{208}$ Pb
M. Albertsson · B.G. Carlsson · T. Døssing · J. Randrup · D. Rudolph · S. Åberg
Within the Langevin framework, we investigate the dynamics of the fusion process for production of transfermium elements in reactions of $^{48}$ Ca, $^{50}$ Ti, $^{54}$ Cr, and $^{58}$ Fe with $^{208}$ Pb. After the reacting nuclei have made contact, the early dynamical stage is dominated by the dissipation of the initial radial kinetic energy, while the subsequent shape evolution is diffusive. The probability for surmounting the inner barrier and forming a compound system is obtained by simulating the evolution as a Metropolis random walk in a five-dimensional potential-energy landscape. Good agreement with the available data is obtained, especially for the maximal formation probability.
Comments:
10 pages, 10 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05330 [pdf]
PRC(2024)·2 citations
03
[Submitted on 8 Jun 2024]
Angular Momentum-Resolved Inelastic Electron Scattering for Nuclear Giant Resonances
Zhi-Wei Lu · Liang Guo · Mamutjan Ababekri · Jia-lin Zhang · Xiu-Feng Weng · Yuanbin Wu · Yi-Fei Niu · Jian-Xing Li
Giant resonances (GRs) provide crucial insights into nuclear physics and astrophysics. Exciting GRs using particles like electrons is effective, yet the angular momentum (AM) transfer of electrons, including both intrinsic spin and orbital degrees of freedom in inelastic scattering, has never been studied. Here, we investigate AM transfer in GRs excited by plane-wave and vortex electrons, developing a comprehensive AM-resolved inelastic electron scattering theory. We find that even plane-wave electrons can model-independently extract transition strengths of higher multipolarity by selecting specific AM states of scattered electrons. Additionally, relativistic vortex electrons with orbital angular momentum (OAM) $\pm 1$ can be efficiently generated. Vortex electrons can also be used to extract GR transition strength as in the plane-wave case, regardless of the position of nucleus relative to the beam axis. Furthermore, relativistic vortex electrons with larger OAM can be generated for on-axis nuclei due to AM conservation. Our method offers new perspectives for nuclear structure research and paves the way for generating vortex particles.
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05414 [pdf]
PRL(2025)·13 citations
04
[Submitted on 8 Jun 2024]
High precision measurements of alpha_s at the future EIC
T. Kutz🇺🇸 · J. R. Pybus🇺🇸 · D. W. Upton🇺🇸 · C. Cotton🇺🇸 · A. Deshpande🇺🇸 · A. Deur🇺🇸 · W.B. Li🇺🇸 · D. Nguyen🇺🇸 · M. Nycz🇺🇸 · X. Zheng🇺🇸
We present a projection study for the first moments of the inclusive spin structure function for the proton and neutron from simulated doubly-polarized e+p and e+3He collision data expected from the Electron-Ion collider. For detection and extraction of the neutron spin asymmetries from e+3He collisions, we used the double-tagging method which significantly reduces the uncertainty over the traditional inclusive method. Using the Bjorken sum rule, the projected results allow us to determine that the QCD coupling at the Z-pole alpha_s can be measured with a relative precision of 1.3%. This underscores the significance of the EIC for achieving precision determinations of alpha_s.
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
arXiv:
2406.05591 [pdf]
PRD(2024)·10 citations
05
[Submitted on 9 Jun 2024]
Spectroscopic factors of resonance states with the Gamow shell model
M.R. Xie · J.G. Li · N. Michel · H.H. Li · W. Zuo
We provide an investigation of the spectroscopic factor of resonance states in $A = 5 - 8$ nuclei, utilizing the Gamow shell model (GSM). Within the GSM, the configuration mixing is taken into account exactly with the shell model framework, and the continuum coupling is addressed via the complex-energy Berggren ensemble, which treats bound, resonance, and non-resonant continuum single-particle states on an equal footing. As a result, both the configuration mixing and continuum coupling are meticulously considered in the GSM. We first calculate the low-lying states of helium isotopes and isotones with the GSM, and the results are compared with that of \textit{ab initio} no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations. The results indicate that GSM can reproduce the low-lying resonance states more accurately than the no-core shell model. Following this, we delve into the spectroscopic factors of the resonance states as computed through both GSM and NCSM, concurrently conducting systematic calculations of overlap functions pertinent to these resonance states. Finally, the calculated overlap function and spectroscopic factor of $^{6}$ He $(0_{1}^{+})$ $\otimes ν p_{3/2} \to$ $^{7}$ He $(3/ 2_{1}^{-})$ with GSM are compared with the results from \textit{ab initio} NCSM, variational Monte Carlo, and Green's function Monte Carlo calculations, as well as avaliable experimental data. The results assert that wave function asymptotes can only be reproduced in GSM, where resonance and continuum coupling are precisely addressed.
Comments:
7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05640 [pdf]
SCPMA(2024)·10 citations
06
[Submitted on 9 Jun 2024]
Ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group calculations for neutron-rich P, Cl, and K isotopes
M. R. Xie · L. Y. Shen · J. G. Li · H. H. Li · Q. Yuan · W. Zuo
Neutron-rich P, Cl, and K isotopes, particularly those with neutron numbers around $N = 28$ , have attracted extensive experimental and theoretical interest. We utilize the \textit{ab initio} valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group approach, based on chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces, to investigate the exotic properties of these isotopes. Systematic calculations of the low-lying spectra are performed. A key finding is the level inversion between $3/ 2_{1}^{+}$ and $1/ 2_{1}^{+}$ states in odd- $A$ isotopes, attributed to the inversion of $π 0 d_{3/2}$ and $π 1 s_{1/2}$ single-particle states.\textit{Ab initio} calculations, which incorporate the three-nucleon forces, correlate closely with existing experimental data. Further calculations of effective proton single-particle energies provide deeper insights into the shell evolution for $Z = 14$ and $16$ sub-shells. Our results indicate that the three-body force plays important roles in the shell evolution for $Z = 14$ and $16$ sub-shells with neutron numbers ranging from 20 to 28. Additionally, systematic \textit{ab initio} calculations are conducted for the low-lying spectra of odd-odd nuclei. The results align with experimental data and provide new insights for future research into these isotopes, up to and beyond the drip line.
Comments:
12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05669 [pdf]
CPC(2024)·1 citation
07
[Submitted on 9 Jun 2024]
Thermodynamically consistent accreted crust of neutron stars: The role of proton shell effects
Mikhail E. Gusakov · Andrey I. Chugunov
Observations of accreting neutron stars are widely used to constrain the microphysical properties of superdense matter. A key ingredient in this analysis is the heating associated with nuclear reactions in the outer layers of the neutron star (crust), as well as the equation of state and composition of these layers. As recently shown, the neutron hydrostatic/diffusion (nHD) condition is valid in the inner part of the crust, where some of the neutrons are not bound to the nuclei, and this condition should be properly incorporated into crustal models. Here we construct models of the accreted crust of a neutron star, taking into account the nHD condition and proton shell effects in nuclei. For numerical illustration, we employ the recently proposed compressible liquid drop model, which incorporates shell effects. However, our approach is general and can also be used in future studies relying on more sophisticated nuclear physics models.
Comments:
20 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
arXiv:
2406.05680 [pdf]
PRD(2024)·4 citations
08
[Submitted on 9 Jun 2024]
Relativistic Corrections to the CBF Effective Nuclear Hamiltonian
Andrea Sabatucci · Omar Benhar · Alessandro Lovato
We discuss the inclusion of relativistic boost corrections into the CBF effective nuclear Hamiltonian, derived from a realistic model of two- and three-nucleon interactions using the formalism of correlated basis functions and the cluster expansion technique. Different procedures to take into account the effects of boost interactions are compared on the basis of the ability to reproduce the nuclear matter equation of state obtained from accurate many-body calculations. The results of our study show that the repulsive contribution of the boost interaction significantly depends on the underlying model of the non relativistic potential. On the other hand, the dominant relativistic correction turns out to be the corresponding reduction of the strength of repulsive three-nucleon interactions, leading to a significant softening of the equation of state at supranuclear densities.
Comments:
Few changes to match the version published in Phys. Rev. C
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
arXiv:
2406.05732 [pdf]
PRC(2024)·2 citations
09
[Submitted on 10 Jun 2024]
Feasibility of the observation of $η^{'}$ mesic nuclei in the semi-exclusive $^{12}$ C( $p, d p$ ) reaction
Natsumi Ikeno🇯🇵 · Yuko Higashi🇯🇵 · Hiroyuki Fujioka🇯🇵 · Kenta Itahashi🇯🇵 · Ryohei Sekiya🇯🇵 · Yoshiki K. Tanaka🇯🇵 · Junko Yamagata-Sekihara🇯🇵 · Volker Metag🇩🇪 · Mariana Nanova🇩🇪 · Satoru Hirenzaki🇯🇵
We study theoretically the feasibility of the semi-exclusive $^{12}$ C( $p, d p$ ) $X$ reaction for the observation of $η^{'}$ mesic nuclei using the microscopic transport model JAM. The semi-exclusive measurements of the ( $p, d$ ) reaction with protons from $η^{'}$ absorption are found to be significant for the observation of the $η^{'}$ bound states. Especially, the measurements of the energetic protons from $η^{'}$ non-mesic two-body absorption ( $η^{'} N N \to N N$ ) are considered to be critically important. The Green's function method is used to calculate the expected spectrum of forward going deuterons corresponding to the excitation energy spectrum of the $η^{'} \otimes^{11}$ C system in the semi-exclusive measurement. The semi-exclusive measurements are shown to be important in general for the $η^{'}$ mesic nucleus observation.
Comments:
11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
arXiv:
2406.06058 [pdf]
PTEP(2026)·7 citations
10
[Submitted on 10 Jun 2024]
Modeling inclusive electron-nucleus scattering with Bayesian artificial neural networks
Joanna E. Sobczyk🇩🇪 · Noemi Rocco🇺🇸 · Alessandro Lovato🇺🇸
We introduce a Bayesian protocol based on artificial neural networks that is suitable for modeling inclusive electron-nucleus scattering on a variety of nuclear targets with quantified uncertainties. Unlike previous applications in the field, which directly parameterize the cross sections, our approach employs artificial neural networks to represent the longitudinal and transverse response functions. In contrast to cross sections, which depend on the incoming energy, scattering angle, and energy transfer, the response functions are determined solely by the energy and momentum transfer to the system, allowing the angular component to be treated analytically. We assess the accuracy and predictive power of our framework against the extensive data in the quasielastic inclusive electron-scattering database. Additionally, we present novel extractions of the longitudinal and transverse response functions and compare them with previous experimental analysis and nuclear ab-initio calculations.
Comments:
9 pages, 6 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
arXiv:
2406.06292 [pdf]
PLB(2024)·9 citations
11
[Submitted on 7 Jun 2024] (cross-list from gr-qc)
Neutron-star seismology with realistic, finite-temperature nuclear matter
Fabian Gittins🇬🇧 · Nils Andersson🇬🇧
The oscillation spectrum of a neutron star is notably rich and intrinsically dependent on the equation of state of nuclear matter. With recent advancements in gravitational-wave and electromagnetic astronomy, we are nearing the capability to perform neutron-star asteroseismology and probe the complex physics of neutron stars. With this in mind, we explore the implementation of three-parameter finite-temperature matter models in the computation of neutron-star oscillations. We consider in detail the thermodynamics of nuclear matter and show how this information enters the problem. Our realistic treatment takes into account entropy and composition gradients that exist in the nuclear matter, giving rise to buoyant g-mode oscillations. To illustrate the implementation, we determine the oscillation spectrum of a low-temperature neutron star. In addition to the expected compositional and thermal g-modes, we find perturbations sourced by phase transitions in the equation of state. We also examine two thermal models, comparing the results for constant redshifted temperature with those for uniform entropy per baryon.
Comments:
17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Subjects:
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05177 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·14 citations
12
[Submitted on 7 Jun 2024] (cross-list from nucl-ex)
High-precision measurements of the atomic mass and electron-capture decay $Q$ value of $^{95}$ Tc
Zhuang Ge🇫🇮 · Tommi Eronen🇫🇮 · Vasile Alin Sevestrean🇷🇴 · Ovidiu Niţescu🇷🇴 · Sabin Stoica🇷🇴 · Marlom Ramalho🇫🇮 · Jouni Suhonen🇫🇮 · Antoine de Roubin🇧🇪 · Dmitrii Nesterenko🇫🇮 · Anu Kankainen🇫🇮 · Pauline Ascher🇫🇷 · Samuel Ayet San Andres🇪🇸 and 16 other authors
A direct measurement of the ground-state-to-ground-state electron-capture decay $Q$ value of $^{95}$ Tc has been performed utilizing the double Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP. The $Q$ value was determined to be 1695.92(13) keV by taking advantage of the high resolving power of the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique to resolve the low-lying isomeric state of $^{95}$ Tc (excitation energy of 38.910(40) keV) from the ground state. The mass excess of $^{95}$ Tc was measured to be $-$ 86015.95(18) keV/c $^{2}$ , exhibiting a precision of about 28 times higher and in agreement with the value from the newest Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME2020). Combined with the nuclear energy-level data for the decay-daughter $^{95}$ Mo, two potential ultra-low $Q$ -value transitions are identified for future long-term neutrino-mass determination experiments. The atomic self-consistent many-electron Dirac--Hartree--Fock--Slater method and the nuclear shell model have been used to predict the partial half-lives and energy-release distributions for the two transitions. The dominant correction terms related to those processes are considered, including the exchange and overlap corrections, and the shake-up and shake-off effects. The normalized distribution of the released energy in the electron-capture decay of $^{95}$ Tc to excited states of $^{95}$ Mo is compared to that of $^{163}$ Ho currently being used for electron-neutrino-mass determination.
Comments:
13 pages, 5 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05273 [pdf]
PLB(2024)·7 citations
13
[Submitted on 9 Jun 2024] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Photon induced proton and anti-proton pair production with ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at RHIC
Cheng Zhang🇨🇳 · Li-Mao Zhang🇨🇳 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳
We investigate proton-antiproton ( $p p ˉ$ ) pair production via photon-photon fusion in the ultra-peripheral collisions at RHIC, employing a joint impact parameter and transverse momentum dependent formalism. We consider proton exchange, $s$ -channel resonance and hand-bag mechanisms, predicting differential distributions of $p p ˉ$ production. Our theoretical predictions can be tested against future measurements at RHIC, to enhance our understanding of photon-photon interactions in strong electromagnetic fields.
Comments:
6 pages, 4 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05618 [pdf]
SCPMA(2025)·9 citations
14
[Submitted on 9 Jun 2024] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Simulating Parton Fragmentation on Quantum Computers
Tianyin Li🇨🇳 · Hongxi Xing🇨🇳 · Dan-Bo Zhang🇨🇳
Parton fragmentation functions (FFs) are indispensable for understanding processes of hadron production ubiquitously existing in high-energy collisions, but their first principle determination has never been realized due to the insurmountable difficulties in encoding their operator definition using traditional lattice methodology. We propose a framework that makes a first step for evaluating FFs utilizing quantum computing methodology. The key element is to construct a semi-inclusive hadron operator for filtering out hadrons of desired types in a collection of particles encoded in the quantum state. We illustrate the framework by elaborating on the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with numeral simulations. Remarkably, We show that the semi-inclusive hadron operator can be constructed efficiently with a variational quantum algorithm. Moreover, we develop error mitigation techniques tailed for accurately calculating the FFs in the presence of quantum noises. Our work opens a new avenue for investigating QCD hadronization on near-term quantum computers.
Comments:
6 pages, 4 figures, 1 supplemental material
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:
2406.05683 [pdf]
21 citations
15
[Submitted on 9 Jun 2024] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Long Range Azimuthal Correlation, Entanglement and Bell Inequality Violation by Spinning Gluons at the LHC
Yuxun Guo🇺🇸 · Xiaohui Liu🇨🇳 · Feng Yuan🇺🇸 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳
We apply the recently developed concept of the nucleon energy-energy correlator (NEEC) for the gluon sector to investigate the long-range azimuthal angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The spinning gluon in these collisions will introduce a significant nonzero $cos (2 ϕ)$ asymmetries in both Higgs Boson and top quark pair productions. The genesis of the $cos (2 ϕ)$ correlation lies in the intricate quantum entanglement. Owing to the substantial $cos (2 ϕ)$ effect, the NEEC observable in Higgs Boson and $t t ˉ$ production emerges as a pivotal avenue for delving into quantum entanglement and scrutinizing the Bell inequality at high-energy colliders.
Comments:
7 pages, 5 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.05880 [pdf]
Research(2025)·26 citations
16
[Submitted on 10 Jun 2024] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Unraveling alignment pattern in high-energy particles via transverse momentum disbalance analysis
I.P. Lokhtin🇷🇺 · A.V. Nikolskii🇷🇺 · A.M. Snigirev🇷🇺
The hypothesis of the relation between strong azimuthal correlations, known as alignment, in families of hadrons and photons observed in cosmic ray experiments and the selection procedure of the highest-energy particles together with the transverse momentum conservation are tested in the framework of the HYDJET++ model. The results show that the high degree of alignment can appear in nucleus-nucleus interactions at reasonable values of the transverse momentum disbalance of most energetic detected particles.
Comments:
18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Definitions and comments have been added to the manuscript. Version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. A
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2406.06114 [pdf]
EPJA(2025)·2 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE