Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Wednesday·August 12, 2020

12 papers—4 primary·8 cross-listed

05
Quantum Entangled-Probe Scattering Theory
Abu Ashik Md Irfan · Patrick Blackstone · Roger Pynn · Gerardo Ortiz
We develop an entangled-probe scattering theory, including quantum detection, that extends the scope of standard scattering approaches. We argue that these probes may be revolutionary in studying entangled matter such as unconventional phases of strongly correlated systems. Our presentation focuses on a neutron beam probe that is mode-entangled in spin and path as is experimentally realized in [1], although similar ideas also apply to photon probes. We generalize the traditional van Hove theory [2] whereby the response is written as a properly-crafted combination of two-point correlation functions. Tuning the probe's entanglement length allows us to interrogate spatial scales of interest by analyzing interference patterns in the differential cross-section. Remarkably, for a spin dimer target we find that the typical Young-like interference pattern observed if the target state is un-entangled gets quantum erased when that state becomes maximally entangled.
↳ quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-elnucl-thNew J.Phys.(2021)·15 citations
06
Exciting Prospects for Detecting Late-Time Neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae
Shirley Weishi Li🇺🇸 · Luke F. Roberts🇺🇸 · John F. Beacom🇺🇸
The importance of detecting neutrinos from a Milky Way core-collapse supernova is well known. An under-studied phase is proto-neutron star cooling. For SN 1987A, this seemingly began at about 2 s, and is thus probed by only 6 of the 19 events (and only the $ν ˉ_{e}$ flavor) in the Kamiokande-II and IMB detectors. With the higher statistics expected for present and near-future detectors, it should be possible to measure detailed neutrino signals out to very late times. We present the first comprehensive study of neutrino detection during the proto-neutron star cooling phase, considering a variety of outcomes, using all flavors, and employing detailed detector physics. For our nominal model, the event yields (at 10 kpc) after 10 s -- the approximate duration of the SN 1987A signal -- far exceed the entire SN 1987A yield, with $≃$ 250 $ν ˉ_{e}$ events (to 50 s) in Super-Kamiokande, $≃$ 110 $ν_{e}$ events (to 40 s) in DUNE, and $≃$ 10 $ν_{μ}, ν_{τ}, ν ˉ_{μ}, ν ˉ_{τ}$ events (to 20 s) in JUNO. These data would allow unprecedented probes of the proto-neutron star, including the onset of neutrino transparency and hence its transition to a neutron star. If a black hole forms, even at very late times, this can be clearly identified. But will the detectors fulfill their potential for this perhaps once-ever opportunity for an all-flavor, high-statistics detection of a core collapse? Maybe. Further work is urgently needed, especially for DUNE to thoroughly investigate and improve its MeV capabilities.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2021)·82 citations
07
Transverse spin sum rule of the proton
Xiangdong Ji🇺🇸 · Feng Yuan🇺🇸
The transversely-polarized state of a proton with arbitrary momentum is not an eigenstate of transverse angular momentum operator. The latter does not commute with the QCD Hamiltonian. However, the expectation value of the transverse angular momentum in the state is well-defined and grows proportionally to the energy of the particle. The transverse spin content of the proton is analyzed in terms of the QCD angular momentum structure. In particular, we reconfirm that the generalized parton distributions $H + E$ provide transverse orbital angular momentum densities of quarks and gluons in the infinite momentum frame.
↳ hep-phhep-latnucl-thPLB(2020)·16 citations
08
Inclusive prompt photon-jet correlations as a probe of gluon saturation in electron-nucleus scattering at small $x$
Isobel Kolbé🇺🇸 · Kaushik Roy🇺🇸 · Farid Salazar🇺🇸 · Bjoern Schenke🇺🇸 · Raju Venugopalan🇺🇸
We compute the differential cross-section for inclusive prompt photon $+$ quark production in deeply inelastic scattering of electrons off nuclei at small $x$ ( $e + A$ DIS) in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory. The result is expressed as a convolution of the leading order (in the strong coupling $α_{s}$ ) impact factor for the process and universal dipole matrix elements, in the limit of hard photon transverse momentum relative to the nuclear saturation scale $Q_{s, A} (x)$ . We perform a numerical study of this process for the kinematics of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), exploring in particular the azimuthal angle correlations between the final state photon and quark. We observe a systematic suppression and broadening pattern of the back-to-back peak in the relative azimuthal angle distribution, as the saturation scale is increased by replacing proton targets with gold nuclei. Our results suggest that photon+jet final states in inclusive $e + A$ DIS at high energies are in general a promising channel for exploring gluon saturation that is complementary to inclusive and diffractive dijet production. They also provide a sensitive empirical test of the universality of dipole matrix elements when compared to identical measurements in proton-nucleus collisions. However because photon+jet correlations at small $x$ in EIC kinematics require jet reconstruction at small $k_{⊥}$ , it will be important to study their feasibility relative to photon-hadron correlations.
↳ hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2021)·39 citations
09
Global trends of nuclear $d_{5/2}^{2, 3, 4}$ configurations: Application of a simple effective-interaction model
M. Wiedeking · A.O. Macchiavelli
With new experimental information on nuclei far from stability being available, a systematic investigation of excitation energies and electromagnetic properties along the $N = 10, 11, 12$ isotones and $Z = 10, 11, 12$ isotopes is presented. The experimental data are discussed in the context of the appearance and disappearance of shell closures at $N = Z = 8, 14, 16, 20$ , and compared to an effective-interaction approach applied to neutrons and protons in $d_{5/2}^{2, 3, 4}$ configurations. In spite of its simplicity the model is able to explain the observed properties.
↳ nucl-exnucl-thEPJA(2020)·1 citation
10
Neutral-current background induced by atmospheric neutrinos at large liquid-scintillator detectors: I. model predictions
Jie Cheng🇨🇳 · Yu-Feng Li🇨🇳 · Liang-Jian Wen🇨🇳 · Shun Zhou🇨🇳
The experimental searches for diffuse supernova neutrino background and proton decay in next-generation large liquid-scintillator (LS) detectors are competitive with and complementary to those in the water-Cherenkov detectors. In this paper, we carry out a systematic study of the dominant background induced by atmospheric neutrinos via their neutral-current (NC) interactions with the $^{12} C$ nuclei in the LS detectors. The atmospheric neutrino fluxes at the location of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) are used, as the JUNO detector is obviously a suitable representative for future LS detectors. Then, we implement the sophisticated generators \texttt{GENIE} and \texttt{NuWro} to simulate the neutrino interactions with the carbon nuclei, and the package \texttt{TALYS} to deal with the deexcitations of final-state nuclei. Finally, the event rates for the production of additional nucleons, $γ$ 's, $α$ 's, pions and kaons are obtained and categorized, and the systematic uncertainty of the NC background represented by a variety of data-driven nuclear models is estimated. The implications of the NC background from atmospheric neutrinos for the detection of diffuse supernova neutrino background and proton decay are also discussed.
↳ hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exnucl-thPRD(2021)·27 citations
11
Probing the QCD phase structure using event-by-event fluctuations
Tapan K. Nayak🇨🇭
Heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies probe matter at extreme conditions of temperatures and energy densities. The study of event-by-event fluctuations of experimental observables is crucial to probe the QCD phase transition, locate the critical point, and learn about the associated critical phenomena. At the critical point, all thermodynamic quantities behave anomalously. Fluctuation measurements provide access to thermodynamic response functions. We discuss the methods for obtaining the isothermal compressibility using particle multiplicity fluctuation, and specific heat using fluctuations in mean transverse momentum, temperature, and energy. Lattice QCD calculations have predicted non-monotonic behavior in the higher-order cumulants of conserved quantities at the critical point. Fluctuations in the multiplicity of charged to neutral particles have been measured to understand the formation of domains of disoriented chiral condensates. We review the recent fluctuation results as a function of collision centrality and energy from experiments at SPS, RHIC, and LHC. In addition, we propose to map the temperature fluctuations in eta-phi plane to probe local fluctuations of temperature and energy density.
↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2020)·10 citations
12
Shape Coexistence at Zero Spin in 64Ni Driven by the Monopole Tensor Interaction
N. Mărginean · D. Little · Y. Tsunoda · S. Leoni · R. V. F. Janssens · B. Fornal · T. Otsuka · C. Michelagnoli · L. Stan · F. C. L. Crespi · C. Costache · R. Lica and 66 other authors
The low-spin structure of the semimagic 64Ni nucleus has been considerably expanded: combining four experiments, several 0+ and 2+ excited states were identified below 4.5 MeV, and their properties established. The Monte Carlo shell model accounts for the results and unveils an unexpectedly complex landscape of coexisting shapes: a prolate 0+ excitation is located at a surprisingly high energy (3463 keV), with a collective 2+ state 286 keV above it, the first such observation in Ni isotopes. The evolution in excitation energy of the prolate minimum across the neutron N = 40 subshell gap highlights the impact of the monopole interaction and its variation in strength with N.
↳ nucl-exnucl-thPRL(2020)·38 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE