Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Tuesday·May 15, 2018

21 papers—10 primary·11 cross-listed

01
S- and p-wave structure of $S = - 1$ meson-baryon scattering in the resonance region
D. Sadasivan🇺🇸 · M. Mai🇺🇸 · M. Doring🇺🇸
We perform a simultaneous analysis of s- and p-waves of the $S = - 1$ meson-baryon scattering amplitude using all low-energy experimental data. For the first time, differential cross section data are included for chiral unitary coupled-channel models. From this model s- and p-wave amplitudes are extracted and we observe both well-known $I (J^{P}) = 0 (1/ 2^{-})$ s-wave states as well as a new $I (J^{P}) = 1 (1/ 2^{+})$ state absent in quark models and lattice QCD results. Multiple statistical and phenomenological tests suggest that, while the data clearly require an $I = 1$ p-wave resonance, the new state just accounts for the absence of the decuplet $Σ (1385) 3/ 2^{+}$ in the model.
nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPLB(2019)·31 citations
02
Electron scattering from a deeply bound nucleon on the light-front
Frank Vera🇺🇸 · Misak M. Sargsian🇺🇸
We calculate the cross section of the electron scattering from a bound nucleon within light-front approximation. The advantage of this approximation is the possibility of systematic account for the off-shell effects which become essential in high energy electro-nuclear processes aimed at probing the nuclear structure at small distances. We derive a new dynamical parameter which allows to control the extent of the "off-shellness" of electron - bound-nucleon electromagnetic current for different regions of momentum transfer and initial light-cone momenta of the bound nucleon. The derived cross section is compared with the results of other approaches in treating the off-shell effects in electron-nucleon scattering.
nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2018)·3 citations
03
Examination of the $^{22}$ C radius determination with interaction cross sections
T. Nagahisa · W. Horiuchi
A nuclear radius of $^{22}$ C is investigated with the total reaction cross sections at medium- to high-incident energies in order to resolve the radius puzzle in which two recent interaction cross section measurements using $^{1}$ H and $^{12}$ C targets show the quite different radii. The cross sections of $^{22}$ C are calculated consistently for these target nuclei within a reliable microscopic framework, the Glauber theory. To describe appropriately such a reaction involving a spatially extended nucleus, the multiple scattering processes within the Glauber theory are fully taken into account, that is, the multi-dimensional integration in the Glauber amplitude is evaluated using a Monte Carlo technique without recourse to the optical-limit approximation. We discuss the sensitivity of the spatially extended halo tail to the total reaction cross sections. The root-mean-square matter radius obtained in this study is consistent with that extracted from the recent cross section measurement on $^{12}$ C target. We show that the simultaneous reproduction of the two recent measured cross sections is not feasible within this framework.
nucl-thnucl-exPRC(2018)·43 citations
04
Quark mean-field model for nuclear matter with or without bag
Zhen-Yu Zhu🇨🇳 · Ang Li🇨🇳 · Jin-Niu Hu🇨🇳 · Hong Shen🇨🇳
We propose the new quark mean-field bag (QMFB) model by incorporating the bag confinement mechanism in the original quark mean-field model. Nuclear matter and neutron star properties are studied with the QMFB model. For the study of the bag effect, we newly fit 12 parameter sets by reproducing the empirical saturation properties of nuclear matter. Quark confinement is found to be mainly demonstrated by the bag after it is included in the model, instead of the confining potential. For nuclear matter, the bag decreases the binding energy and increases the symmetry energy. For neutron star, the bag affects significantly the radius $R$ of a $1.4 M_{⊙}$ star, with the maximum mass only slightly modified. The bag also has a large suppression effect on the well-accepted $R$ vs $L$ dependence, with $L$ the symmetry energy slope at the saturation density.
nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-thPRC(2019)·27 citations
05
Non-Bessel-Gaussianity and Flow Harmonic Fine-Splitting
Hadi Mehrabpour🇮🇷 · Seyed Farid Taghavi🇮🇷
Both collision geometry and event-by-event fluctuations are encoded in the experimentally observed flow harmonic distribution $p (v_{n})$ and $2 k$ -particle cumulants $c_{n} {2 k}$ . In the present study, we systematically connect these observables to each other by employing Gram-Charlier A series. We quantify the deviation of $p (v_{n})$ from Bessel-Gaussianity in terms of flow harmonic fine-splitting. Subsequently, we show that the corrected Bessel-Gaussian distribution can fit the simulated data better than the Bessel-Gaussian distribution in the more peripheral collisions. Inspired by Gram-Charlier A series, we introduce a new set of cumulants $q_{n} {2 k}$ that are more natural to study distributions near Bessel-Gaussian. These new cumulants are obtained from $c_{n} {2 k}$ where the collision geometry effect is extracted from it. By exploiting $q_{2} {2 k}$ , we introduce a new set of estimators for averaged ellipticity $v ˉ_{2}$ which are more accurate compared to $v_{2} {2 k}$ for $k > 1$ . As another application of $q_{2} {2 k}$ , we show we are able to restrict the phase space of $v_{2} {4}$ , $v_{2} {6}$ and $v_{2} {8}$ by demanding the consistency of $v ˉ_{2}$ and $v_{2} {2 k}$ with $q_{2} {2 k}$ equation. The allowed phase space is a region such that $v_{2} {4} - v_{2} {6} ≳ 0$ and $12 v_{2} {6} - 11 v_{2} {8} - v_{2} {4} ≳ 0$ , which is compatible with the experimental observations.
nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJC(2019)·16 citations
06
Dissociation of heavy quarkonia in an anisotropic hot QCD medium in a Quasi-Particle Model
Mohammad Yousuf Jamal🇮🇳 · Indrani Nilima🇮🇳 · Vinod Chandra🇮🇳 · Vineet Kumar Agotiya🇮🇳
The present article is the follow up work of, Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 94}, 094006 (2016), where we have extended the study of quarkonia dissociation in (momentum) anisotropic hot QCD medium. As evident by the experimentally observed collective flow at RHIC and LHC, the momentum anisotropy is present at almost all the stages after the collision and therefore, it is important to include its effects in the analysis. Employing the in-medium (corrected) potential while considering the anisotropy (both oblate and prolate cases) in the medium, the thermal widths and the binding energies of the heavy quarkonia states (s-wave charmonia and s-wave bottomonia specifically, for radial quantum numbers n = 1 and 2) have been determined. The hot QCD medium effects have been included employing a quasi-particle description. The presence of anisotropy has modified the potential and then the thermal widths and the binding energies of these states in a significant manner. The results show a quite visible shift in the values of dissociation temperatures as compared to the isotropic case. Further, the hot QCD medium interaction effects suppress the dissociation temperature as compared to the case where we consider the medium as a non-interacting ultra-relativistic gas of quarks (anti-quarks) and gluons.
nucl-thPRD(2018)·38 citations
07
Nuclear Astrophysics in the New Era of Multimessenger Astronomy
J. Piekarewicz🇺🇸
Neutron stars are unique cosmic laboratories for the exploration of matter under extreme conditions of density and neutron-proton asymmetry. Due to their enormous dynamic range, neutron stars display a myriad of exotic states of matter that are impossible to recreate under normal laboratory conditions. In these three lectures I will discuss how the strong synergy that has developed between nuclear physics and astrophysics will uncover some of the deepest secrets behind these fascinating objects. In particular, I will highlight the enormous impact that the very first detection of gravitational waves from the binary neutron-star merger GW170817 is having in constraining the composition, structure, and dynamics of neutron stars.
nucl-thastro-ph.SRnucl-ex6 citations
08
DREENA-B framework: first predictions of $R_{AA}$ and $v_{2}$ within dynamical energy loss formalism in evolving QCD medium
Dusan Zigic🇷🇸 · Igor Salom🇷🇸 · Jussi Auvinen🇷🇸 · Marko Djordjevic🇷🇸 · Magdalena Djordjevic🇷🇸
Dynamical energy loss formalism allows generating state-of-the-art suppression predictions in finite size QCD medium, employing a sophisticated model of high- $p_{⊥}$ parton interactions with QGP. We here report a major step of introducing medium evolution in the formalism though $1 + 1 D$ Bjorken (``B'') expansion, while preserving all complex features of the original dynamical energy loss framework. We use this framework to provide joint $R_{AA}$ and $v_{2}$ predictions, for the first time within the dynamical energy loss formalism in evolving QCD medium. The predictions are generated for a wide range of observables, i.e. for all types of probes (both light and heavy) and for all centrality regions in both $P b + P b$ and $X e + X e$ collisions at the LHC. Where experimental data are available, DREENA-B framework leads to a good joint agreement with $v_{2}$ and $R_{AA}$ data. Such agreement is encouraging, i.e. may lead us closer to resolving $v_{2}$ puzzle (difficulty of previous models to jointly explain $R_{AA}$ and $v_{2}$ data), though this still remains to be thoroughly tested by including state-of-the-art medium evolution within DREENA framework. While introducing medium evolution significantly changes $v_{2}$ predictions, $R_{AA}$ predictions remain robust and moreover in a good agreement with the experimental data; $R_{AA}$ observable is therefore suitable for calibrating parton-medium interaction model, independently from the medium evolution. Finally, for heavy flavor, we observe a strikingly similar signature of the dead-cone effect on both $R_{AA}$ and $v_{2}$ - we also provide a simple analytical understanding behind this result. Overall, the results presented here indicate that DREENA framework is a reliable tool for QGP tomography.
nucl-thhep-phPLB(2019)·72 citations
09
Nucleon Excited States from Lattice QCD and Hamiltonian Effective Field Theory
Jia-jun Wu🇦🇺 · Jonathan M. M. Hall🇦🇺 · H. Kamano🇯🇵 · Waseem Kamleh🇦🇺 · T.-S. H. Lee🇺🇸 · Derek B. Leinweber🇦🇺 · Zhan-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Finn M. Stokes🇦🇺 · Anthony W. Thomas🇦🇺
An approach for relating the nucleon excited states extracted from lattice QCD and the nucleon resonances of experimental data has been developed using the Hamiltonian effective field theory (HEFT) method. By formulating HEFT in the finite volume of the lattice, the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian model can be related to the energy eigenstates observed in Lattice simulations. By taking the infinite-volume limit of HEFT, information from the lattice is linked to experiment. The approach opens a new window for the study of experimentally-observed resonances from the first principles of lattice QCD calculations. With the Hamiltonian approach, one not only describes the spectra of lattice-QCD eigenstates through the eigenvalues of the finite-volume Hamiltonian matrix, but one also learns the composition of the lattice-QCD eigenstates via the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian matrix. One learns the composition of the states in terms of the meson-baryon basis states considered in formulating the effective field theory. One also learns the composition of the resonances observed in Nature. In this paper, we will focus on recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the structure of the $N^{*} (1535)$ , $N^{*} (1440)$ and $Λ^{*} (1405)$ resonances using this method.
nucl-thhep-lathep-ph2 citations
10
Single-particle spatial dispersion and clusters in nuclei
J.-P. Ebran🇫🇷 · E. Khan🇫🇷 · R.-D Lasseri🇫🇷 · D. Vretenar🇭🇷
The spatial dispersion of the single-nucleon wave functions is analyzed using the self-consistent mean-field framework based on nuclear energy density functionals, and with the harmonic oscillator approximation for the nuclear potential. It is shown that the dispersion depends on the radial quantum number n, but displays only a very weak dependence on the orbital angular momentum. An analytic expression is derived for the localization parameter that explicitly takes into account the radial quantum number of occupied single-nucleon states. The conditions for single-nucleon localization and formation of cluster structures are fulfilled in relatively light nuclei with $A \leq 30$ and $n = 1$ states occupied. Heavier nuclei exhibit the quantum liquid phase of nucleonic matter because occupied levels that originate from $n > 1$ spherical states are largely delocalized. Nevertheless, individual $α$ -like clusters can be formed from valence nucleons filling single-particle levels originating from $n = 1$ spherical mean-field states.
nucl-thPRC(2018)·16 citations
11
r-Process Nucleosynthesis: Connecting Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities with the Cosmos
C. J. Horowitz🇺🇸 · A. Arcones🇩🇪 · B. Côté🇺🇸 · I. Dillmann🇨🇦 · W. Nazarewicz🇺🇸 · I. U. Roederer🇺🇸 · H. Schatz🇺🇸 · A. Aprahamian🇺🇸 · D. Atanasov🇩🇪 · A. Bauswein🇩🇪 · J. Bliss🇩🇪 · M. Brodeur🇺🇸 and 26 other authors
This is an exciting time for the study of r-process nucleosynthesis. Recently, a neutron star merger GW170817 was observed in extraordinary detail with gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from radio to gamma rays. The very red color of the associated kilonova suggests that neutron star mergers are an important r-process site. Astrophysical simulations of neutron star mergers and core collapse supernovae are making rapid progress. Detection of both, electron neutrinos and antineutrinos from the next galactic supernova will constrain the composition of neutrino-driven winds and provide unique nucleosynthesis information. Finally FRIB and other rare-isotope beam facilities will soon have dramatic new capabilities to synthesize many neutron-rich nuclei that are involved in the r-process. The new capabilities can significantly improve our understanding of the r-process and likely resolve one of the main outstanding problems in classical nuclear astrophysics. However, to make best use of the new experimental capabilities and to fully interpret the results, a great deal of infrastructure is needed in many related areas of astrophysics, astronomy, and nuclear theory. We will place these experiments in context by discussing astrophysical simulations and observations of r-process sites, observations of stellar abundances, galactic chemical evolution, and nuclear theory for the structure and reactions of very neutron-rich nuclei. This review paper was initiated at a three-week International Collaborations in Nuclear Theory program in June 2016 where we explored promising r-process experiments and discussed their likely impact, and their astrophysical, astronomical, and nuclear theory context.
↳ astro-ph.SRnucl-exnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2019)·175 citations
12
Superfluid density reduction and spin-imbalanced pairing in a fermionic superfluid due to dynamical boson exchange
Ziyue Wang · Lianyi He
We explore novel features of a nonrelativistic fermionic superfluid in which the pairing interaction includes a contribution from the exchange of a dynamical bosonic mode. We show that the dynamical boson exchange (DBE), which causes a retarded pairing interaction and thus violates the Galilean invariance of the fermion sector, generically leads to a quantum reduction of the superfluid density and hence a nonzero normal fraction even at zero temperature. For spin-singlet pairing, the DBE also leads to a nonvanishing spin susceptibility at zero temperature, providing a mechanism for the coexistence of pairing and magnetization. While these effects are negligible for weak pairing, they become sizable at strong pairing. For the double superfluidity in ultracold Fermi-Bose mixtures, the superfluid density reduction for the fermion sector induced by the DBE just gives rise to the Andreev-Bashkin drag effect, indicating a strong entrainment between the two superfluid components. The DBE may also provide a new source for the superfluid fraction reduction of neutron matter, which is crucial for models of neutron star glitches based on neutron superfluidity.
↳ cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.supr-connucl-thPRA(2019)·2 citations
13
Possible existence of a dibaryon candidate $N Δ$ ( $D_{21}$ )
Hongxia Huang🇨🇳 · Xinmei Zhu🇨🇳 · Jialun Ping🇨🇳 · Fan Wang🇨🇳
Inspired by the experimental report by WASA-at-COSY Collaboration, we investigate the possibile existence of the dibaryon candidate $N Δ$ with quantum numbers $I J^{P} = 2 1^{+}$ ( $D_{21}$ ). The dynamical calculation shows that we cannot obtain the bound $D_{21}$ state in the models which can obtain the experimental $d^{*}$ . %although the $D_{21}$ state can bound in the range of parameters in quark models. The low-energy scattering phase shifts of the $N - Δ$ scattering give the same conclusion. Besides, the mass calculation by using the Gursey-Radicati mass formula and the analysis of the matrix elements of the color magnetic interaction show that the mass of $D_{21}$ is larger than that of $D_{12}$ ( $N Δ$ with $I J^{P} = 1 2^{+}$ ), which indicate that it is less possible for the $D_{21}$ than the $D_{12}$ to form bound state.
↳ hep-phnucl-thPRC(2018)·9 citations
14
An anomalous propulsion mechanism using magnetic fields
Evgeny Shaverin🇮🇱
We consider a gas composed of a single family of standard model leptons which are approximately massless and trapped inside a charged rotating shell. Due to the magnetic vortical effect, the leptons gain momentum in the direction of the magnetic field induced by the rotating shell. We compute this momentum gain in a perturbative expansion and discuss the possible application of it to pulsar kicks.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEnucl-th0 citations
15
The induced surface tension contribution for the equation of state of neutron stars
Violetta V. Sagun🇵🇹 · Ilidio Lopes🇵🇹 · Aleksei I. Ivanytskyi🇺🇦
We apply a novel equation of state (EoS) that includes the surface tension contribution induced by interparticle interaction and asymmetry between neutrons and protons, to the study of neutron star (NS) properties. This elaborated EoS is obtained from the virial expansion applied to multicomponent particle mixtures with hard core repulsion. The considered model is in full concordance with all the known properties of normal nuclear matter, provides a high-quality description of the proton flow constraints, hadron multiplicities created during the nuclear-nuclear collision experiments, and equally is consistent with astrophysical data coming from NS observations. The analysis suggests that the best model parameterization gives the incompressibility factor $K_{0}$ , symmetry energy $J$ , and symmetry energy slope $L$ at normal nuclear density equal to $200$ MeV, $30$ MeV, and $113.28 - 114.91$ MeV, respectively. The mass-radius relations found for NSs computed with this EoS are consistent with astrophysical observations.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thApJ(2019)·26 citations
16
Three-Body $J^{P} = 0^{+}, 1^{+}, 2^{+}$ $B^{*} B^{*} K ˉ$ Bound States
Manuel Pavon Valderrama🇨🇳
Three body systems with short-range interactions display universal features that have been extensively explored in atomic physics, but apply to hadron physics as well. Systems composed of two non-interacting identical particles (species H) of mass $M$ and a third particle (species P) of mass $m$ that interacts attractively with the other two have the property that they are more likely to bind for larger values of the mass ratio $M / m$ . This is particularly striking if the HHP system is in P-wave (while the interacting pair is in S-wave), in which case one would not normally expect the formation of a three body state. If we assume that the $B^{*} K ˉ$ binds to form the $B_{s 1}^{*}$ heavy meson and notice that the mass ratio of the $B^{*}$ to $K ˉ$ is $M / m = 10.8$ , concrete calculations indicate that there should be a three body $B^{*} B^{*} K ˉ$ bound state between $30 - 40 MeV$ below the $B_{s 1}^{*} B^{*}$ threshold. For the $Ξ_{bb} Ξ_{bb} K ˉ$ system the mass imbalance is about $M / m = 20.5$ and two bound states are expected to appear, a fundamental and an excited one located at $50 - 90$ and $5 - 15 MeV$ below the $Ξ_{bb} Ω_{bb \frac{1}{2}}^{*}$ threshold (where $Ω_{bb \frac{1}{2}}^{*}$ denotes the $Ξ_{bb} K ˉ$ bound state). We indicate the possibility of analogous P-wave three body bound states composed of two heavy baryons and a kaon or antikaon and investigate the conditions under which the Efimov effect could appear in these systems.
↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2018)·11 citations
17
Hybrid Fluid Models from Mutual Effective Metric Couplings
Aleksi Kurkela🇨🇭 · Ayan Mukhopadhyay🇦🇹 · Florian Preis🇦🇹 · Anton Rebhan🇦🇹 · Alexander Soloviev🇦🇹
Motivated by a semi-holographic approach to the dynamics of quark-gluon plasma which combines holographic and perturbative descriptions of a strongly coupled infrared and a more weakly coupled ultraviolet sector, we construct a hybrid two-fluid model where interactions between its two sectors are encoded by their effective metric backgrounds, which are determined mutually by their energy-momentum tensors. We derive the most general consistent ultralocal interactions such that the full system has a total conserved energy-momentum tensor in flat Minkowski space and study its consequences in and near thermal equilibrium by working out its phase structure and its hydrodynamic modes.
↳ hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2018)·18 citations
18
Thermal correlators in the hadron resonance gas: a dual Hagedorn distance
E. Megias🇪🇸 · E. Ruiz Arriola🇪🇸 · L.L. Salcedo🇪🇸
Fluctuations and correlations of conserved quantities in the confined phase of QCD are a viable way to characterize the existence of exotic and missing states with given quantum numbers in the hadronic spectrum. We study a realization of the Hadron Resonance Gas model in the light quark (uds) flavor sector of QCD to study the fluctuations and static correlators of electric charge, baryon number and strangeness. It is also conjectured an interesting duality between the correlators at zero temperature, and the fluctuations of integrated quantities at low temperatures, leading to the appearance of a dual Hagedorn distance for the former.
↳ hep-phhep-latnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2018)·1 citation
19
Directed flow from C-odd gluon correlations at small $x$
Daniël Boer🇳🇱 · Tom van Daal🇳🇱 · Piet J. Mulders🇳🇱 · Elena Petreska🇳🇱
It is shown that odd harmonic azimuthal correlations, including the directed flow $v_{1}$ , in forward two-particle production in peripheral proton-nucleus ( $p A$ ) collisions can arise simply from the radial nuclear profile of a large nucleus. This requires consideration of the C-odd part of the gluonic generalized transverse momentum dependent (GTMD) correlator of nucleons in the nucleus. The gluonic GTMD correlator is the Fourier transform of an off-forward hadronic matrix element containing gluonic field strength tensors that are connected by gauge links. It is parametrized in terms of various gluon GTMD distribution functions (GTMDs). We show (in a gauge invariant way) that for the relevant dipole-type gauge link structure in the small- $x$ limit the GTMD correlator reduces to a generalized Wilson loop correlator. The Wilson loop correlator is parametrized in terms of a single function, implying that in the region of small $x$ there is only one independent dipole-type GTMD, which can have a C-odd part. We show that the odderon Wigner distribution, which is related to this C-odd dipole GTMD by a Fourier transform, generates odd harmonics in the two-particle azimuthal correlations in peripheral $p A$ collisions. We calculate the first odd harmonic $v_{1}$ for forward production within the color glass condensate framework in the limit of a large number of colors. We find that nonzero odd harmonics are present without breaking the rotational symmetry of the nucleus, arising just from its inhomogeneity in the radial direction. Using a CGC model with a cubic action, we illustrate that percent level $v_{1}$ can arise from this C-odd mechanism. In contrast, we show that only even harmonics arise in diffractive dijet production in ultra-peripheral $p A$ collisions where this gluon dipole GTMD also appears.
↳ hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2018)·40 citations
20
QCD equation of state matched to lattice data and exhibiting a critical point singularity
Paolo Parotto🇺🇸 · Marcus Bluhm🇵🇱 · Debora Mroczek🇺🇸 · Marlene Nahrgang🇫🇷 · Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸 · Krishna Rajagopal🇺🇸 · Claudia Ratti🇺🇸 · Thomas Schaefer🇺🇸 · Mikhail Stephanov🇺🇸
We construct a family of equations of state for QCD in the temperature range 30 MeV $\leq T \leq$ 800 MeV and in the chemical potential range $0 \leq μ_{B} \leq$ 450 MeV. These equations of state match available lattice QCD results up to $O (μ_{B}^{4})$ and in each of them we place a critical point in the 3D Ising model universality class. The position of this critical point can be chosen in the range of chemical potentials covered by the second Beam Energy Scan at RHIC. We discuss possible choices for the free parameters, which arise from mapping the Ising model onto QCD. Our results for the pressure, entropy density, baryon density, energy density and speed of sound can be used as inputs in the hydrodynamical simulations of the fireball created in heavy ion collisions. We also show our result for the second cumulant of the baryon number in thermal equilibrium, displaying its divergence at the critical point. In the future, comparisons between RHIC data and the output of the hydrodynamic simulations, including calculations of fluctuation observables, built upon the model equations of state that we have constructed may be used to locate the critical point in the QCD phase diagram, if there is one to be found.
↳ hep-phnucl-thPRC(2020)·206 citations
21
Estimate of the CME signal in heavy-ion collisions from measurements relative to the participant and spectator flow planes
Sergei A. Voloshin🇺🇸
An interpretation of the charge dependent correlations sensitive to the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) -- the separation of the electric charges along the system magnetic field (across the reaction plane) -- is ambiguous due to a possible large background (non-CME) effects. The background contribution is proportional to the elliptic flow $v_{2}$ ; it is the largest in measurements relative to the participant plane, and is smaller in measurements relative to the flow plane determined by spectators, where the CME signal, on opposite, is likely larger. In this note I discuss a possible strategy for corresponding experimental measurements, and list and evaluate different assumptions related to this approach.
↳ nucl-exnucl-thPRC(2018)·40 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE