arXiv:nucl-th/9409013·v1·Nuclear Theory
Charge Independence and Charge Symmetry
Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸 · Willem T.H. van Oers🇨🇦
Abstract
Charge independence and charge symmetry are approximate symmetries of nature, violated by the perturbing effects of the mass difference between up and down quarks and by electromagnetic interactions. The observations of the symmetry breaking effects in nuclear and particle physics and the implications of those effects are reviewed.
Comments: 41 pages, report # DOE/ER/40427-17-N94, Chapter for a book titled "Symmetries and Fundamental Interactions in Nuclei" eds. E.M. Henley and W. Haxton, to be published by World Scientific