Anti-Baryon Puzzle in Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Abstract

The evolution of (non-strange) antibaryon abundances in the hadronic phase of central heavy-ion collisions is studied within a thermal equilibrium framework, based on the well-established picture of subsequent chemical and thermal freezeout. Due to large annihilation cross sections, antiprotons are, a priori, not expected to comply with this scheme. However, we show that a significant regeneration of their abundance occurs upon inclusion of the inverse reaction of multipion fusion, $n_{\pi }\pi \to p\bar{p}$ (with $n_{\pi }$=5-6), necessary to ensure detailed balance. Especially at SPS energies, the build-up of large pion-chemical potentials between chemical and thermal freezeout reinforces this mechanism, rendering the $\bar{p}/p$ ratio in reasonable agreement with the observed one (reflecting chemical freezeout). Explicit solutions of the pertinent rate equation, which account for chemical off-equilibrium effects, corroborate this explanation.

Comments: 10 pages LaTeX including 8 eps-figures, Invited talk by first author at International Workshop XXX on Gross Properties of Nuclei and Nuclear Excitations, Hirschegg (Austria), 13.-19.01.02