Detection of Supernova Neutrinos by Neutrino-Proton Elastic Scattering

Abstract

We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering, $\nu +p\to \nu +p$, can be used for the detection of supernova neutrinos in scintillator detectors. Though the proton recoil kinetic energy spectrum is soft, with $T_p\simeq 2E_{\nu }^2/M_p$, and the scintillation light output from slow, heavily ionizing protons is quenched, the yield above a realistic threshold is nearly as large as that from ${\bar{\nu }}_e+p\to e^{+}+n$. In addition, the measured proton spectrum is related to the incident neutrino spectrum, which solves a long-standing problem of how to separately measure the total energy and temperature of ${\nu }_{\mu }$, ${\nu }_{\tau }$, ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$, and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$. The ability to detect this signal would give detectors like KamLAND and Borexino a crucial and unique role in the quest to detect supernova neutrinos.

Comments: 10 pages, 9 figures, revtex4