Breakdown of Hydrodynamic Universality in Neutron Star Oscillations

Abstract

Hydrodynamic universality refers to the property that different formulations of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics yield identical predictions in the asymptotic long-wavelength regime. We show that neutron-star oscillations need not reach this regime. Because the finite stellar radius limits the accessible wavelengths and causality imposes a lower bound on microscopic relaxation times, the separation between microscopic and macroscopic scales can become insufficient for hydrodynamic universality to emerge. Comparing linear oscillations in relativistic Navier--Stokes and Israel--Stewart theories, we find that realistic bulk viscosities can produce sizeable modifications of the oscillation spectrum, even at the longest wavelengths. These results identify neutron-star oscillations as a direct probe of microscopic nonequilibrium dynamics beyond the leading hydrodynamic description.

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures