Near-Light-Cone Nonhydrodynamic Structure from Boosted Hydrodynamics

Abstract

Hydrodynamics provides a universal description of many-body systems at long wavelengths. Its long-lived collective excitations, known as hydrodynamic modes, admit long-wavelength expansions whose convergence is encoded in the analytic structure of retarded correlators of conserved quantities in thermal equilibrium. We show that a boost can change which nonhydrodynamic singularity limits such an expansion. In the large-boost limit, the relevant singularity originates in the large-momentum, near-light-cone region of the rest-frame spectrum. After factoring out the Lorentz-factor growth, the rescaled convergence scale is controlled by the microscopic spectral structure of the theory. We explicitly demonstrate this in two examples: relaxation-time kinetic theory and holography.

Comments: 25 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. v2: Updated the caption of Fig. 3 and made a few minor corrections