All-charm tetraquarks at hadron colliders: A high-precision fragmentation perspective

Abstract

We present the TQ4Q2.0 fragmentation functions for the production of all-heavy (fully heavy) $S$-wave tetraquarks ($T_{4Q}$) with scalar ($0^{++}$), axial-vector ($1^{+-}$), and tensor ($2^{++}$) quantum numbers in high-energy hadronic collisions. This work extends the previous TQ4Q1.1 framework by incorporating nonconstituent heavy-quark contributions and introducing a replica-based uncertainty-quantification strategy derived from multi-scale variations (MHOUs). The construction follows a nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach, combining gluon- and heavy-quark-initiated fragmentation channels at leading power. Initial-scale inputs are modeled through updated potential-inspired wave functions, while the subsequent DGLAP evolution is performed via the threshold-aware HF-NRevo scheme. A comprehensive systematic analysis of uncertainties is carried out, with contributions from color-composite long-distance matrix elements (LDMEs) and perturbative multiscale inputs. The resulting TQ4Q2.0 grids, publicly released in LHAPDF6 format, provide the first complete phenomenological set for all-heavy exotics, enabling precise studies of all-charm tetraquark production and jet-associated observables within the JETHAD environment. This article completes the high-energy resummation-driven generation of the TQ4Q program and establishes a definitive baseline for future collider-oriented analyses of all-heavy multiquark dynamics.

Comments: 50 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables. Version published in Phys. Rev. D. Six NLO collinear FF sets for fully heavy tetraquarks (TQ4Q2.0), covering scalar, axial, and tensor states. Includes MHOU replicas, LDME variations, and DGLAP evolution, released in LHAPDF format at https://github.com/FGCeliberto/Collinear_FFs. Supplemental Mathematica notebook with all short-distance coefficients