Universality in quasinormal modes of neutron stars with quark-hadron crossover

Abstract

We examine the gravitational wave frequencies of the fundamental ($f$-) and 1st pressure ($p_1$-) modes excited in the neutron star models constructed with the quark-hadron crossover (QHC) type equations of state (EOS). We find that the $f$-mode frequencies with QHC EOS basically are smaller and the $p_1$-mode frequencies with QHC EOS are larger than those with hadronic EOS, focusing on the neutron star model with a fixed mass. We also find that the universality in the $f$-mode frequencies multiplied by the stellar mass as a function of the stellar compactness or as a function of the dimensionless tidal deformability, which is derived with various hadronic EOSs, can keep even with QHC EOS. That is, using these universal relations, one cannot distinguish QHC EOS from hadronic EOSs. Instead, using the relations one can extract the stellar radii whose evolution from low to high mass neutron stars can differentiate QHC from hadronic EOSs. On the other hand, we find that the $p_1$-mode frequencies multiplied by the stellar mass with QHC EOS significantly deviate in a certain mass range from the corresponding empirical relations derived with various hadronic EOSs, with which one may distinguish QHC EOS from hadronic EOSs.

Comments: Accepted for publication in RPD