A benchmark of initial state models for heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=$ 27 and 62 GeV

Abstract

Description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the energies of RHIC Beam Energy Scan program with fluid dynamic approach poses several challenges, one of which being a complex geometry and a longer duration of the pre-hydrodynamic stage. Therefore, existing fluid dynamic models for heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC Beam Energy Scan energies rely on rather complex initial states, such as UrQMD cascade or multi-fluid dynamics. In this study, we show that functionally simpler, non-dynamical initial states can be employed for the fluid dynamical simulations of Au-Au collisions at \mbox{\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}}=27 and 62.4~GeV. We adapt the initial states based on Monte Carlo Glauber model (GLISSANDO 2) and $\sqrt{T_A{T}_B}$ ansatz based on reduced thickness (T${}_{\mathrm{R}}$ENTo $p=0$), extended into the longitudinal direction and finite baryon density. We find that both initial states, when coupled to a 3D event-by-event viscous fluid dynamic + cascade model, result in an overall fair reproduction of basic experimental data: pseudorapidity distributions, transverse momentum spectra and elliptic flow, at both collision energies. This is a rather surprising, given that the $\sqrt{T_A{T}_B}$ ansatz is functionally similar to the EKRT and IP-Glasma models, which are successful at much larger energies and rely on a partonic picture of the initial state.

Comments: 13 pages, 14 figures, version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.C