Spin-Vorticity Coupling for Massive Vector Mesons

Abstract

Recent experiments at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have indicated that hadrons containing strange quarks produced in non-central heavy ion collisions can be polarized. We investigate in detail the coupling of spin and vorticity for electrically neutral, massive vector bosons using the Proca equation, and provide the nonrelativistic reduction of the field equations via a single Foldy--Wouthuysen transformation. We find that the resulting Hamiltonian is not-Hermitian, but $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ invariant, and involves a spin dependent term $\frac{1}{2}{s}_z\hslash \omega$ to leading order in vorticity. We also calculate further relativistic and quantum corrections to the Hamiltonian.