Repulsive Four-Body Interactions of $\alpha$ Particles and Quasi-Stable Nuclear $\alpha$-Particle Condensates in Heavy Self-Conjugate Nuclei

Abstract

We study the effects of repulsive four-body interactions of $\alpha$ particles on nuclear $\alpha$-particle condensates in heavy self-conjugate nuclei using a semi-analytic approach, and find that the repulsive four-body interactions could decrease the critical number of $\alpha$ particles, beyond which quasi-stable $\alpha$-particle condensate states can no longer exist, even if these four-body interactions make only tiny contributions to the total energy of the Hoyle-like state of ${}^{16}$O. Explicitly, we study eight benchmark parameter sets, and find that the critical number $N_{\text{cr}}$ decreases by $|\Delta N_{\text{cr}}|\sim 1-4$ from $N_{\text{cr}}\sim 11$ with vanishing four-body interactions. We also discuss the effects of four-body interactions on energies and radii of $\alpha$-particle condensates. Our study can be useful for future experiments to study $\alpha$-particle condensates in heavy self-conjugate nuclei. Also, the experimental determination of $N_{\text{cr}}$ will eventually help establish a better understanding on the $\alpha$-particle interactions, especially the four-body interactions.

Comments: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted version