Determination of the density region of the symmetry energy probed by the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio

Abstract

The studies, from several independent methods, consistently show that ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in the ${}^{132}$Sn+${}^{124}$Sn reaction at 300 MeV/nucleon, which is being carried out at Radioactive Isotope Beam Facility (RIBF) in Japan, just probes the symmetry energy around saturation density.

Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics