Effects of medium modification of pion production threshold in heavy ion collisions and the nuclear symmetry energy

Abstract

Using the relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (RVUU) equation based on mean fields from the nonlinear relativistic models, we study the effect of medium modification of pion production threshold on the total pion yield and the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in Au+Au collisions. We find that the in-medium threshold effect enhances both the total pion yield and the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio, compared to those without this effect. Furthermore, including the medium modification of the pion production threshold in asymmetric nuclear matter leads to a larger ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio for the $NL\rho \delta$ model with a stiffer symmetry energy than the $NL\rho$ model with a softer symmetry energy, opposite to that found without the in-medium threshold effect. Experimental data from the FOPI Collaboration are reproduced after including a density-dependent cross section for $\Delta$ baryon production from nucleon-nucleon collisions, which suppresses the total pion yield but hardly changes the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio. The large errors in the experimentally measured ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio prevent, however, the distinction between the predictions from the $NL\rho$ and $NL\rho \delta$ models.

Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures