Nuclear thermodynamics and the in-medium chiral condensate

Abstract

The temperature dependence of the chiral condensate in isospin-symmetric nuclear matter at varying baryon density is investigated using thermal in-medium chiral effective field theory. This framework provides a realistic approach to the thermodynamics of the correlated nuclear many-body system and permits calculating systematically the pion-mass dependence of the free energy per particle. One- and two-pion exchange processes, $\Delta (1232)$-isobar excitations, Pauli blocking corrections and three-body correlations are treated up to and including three loops in the expansion of the free energy density. It is found that nuclear matter remains in the Nambu-Goldstone phase with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry in the temperature range $T\lesssim 100$MeV and at baryon densities at least up to about twice the density of normal nuclear matter, $2{\rho }_0\simeq 0.3$fm${}^{-3}$. Effects of the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition on the chiral condensate at low temperatures are also discussed.

Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.2819