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Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Tuesday·July 14, 2026

19 papers—13 primary·6 cross-listed

All19Primary13Cross-lists6
  1. 14

    [Submitted on 11 Jul 2026] (cross-list from astro-ph.HE)

    Strongly interacting matter with criticality induced by modified excluded volume in core-collapse supernova simulations

    Anil Kumar🇵🇱 · Noshad Khosravi Largani🇵🇱 · Stefan Typel🇩🇪 · Pablo Cerdá-Durán🇪🇸 · Alejandro Torres-Forné🇪🇸 · Tobias Fischer🇵🇱

    This article reviews critically the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism associated with a sufficiently strong first-order phase transition from normal nuclear, in general hadronic matter to deconfined quark matter, which commonly assumes Gibbs conditions for the coexistence of phases and a phase transition construction accordingly. To this end, a novel class of multi-purpose equation of state (EOS) is developed, based on the modified excluded volume (MEV) approach employing a medium-dependent excluded-volume functional within the relativistic mean field framework with density-dependent meson-nucleon couplings. The chosen MEV parametrisation features the change in the number of degrees of freedom, mimicking the EOS softening in excess of nuclear saturation density, featuring a first-order phase transition with van der Waals like behaviour and the presence of a critical point at high temperatures. Simulations of core-collapse supernovae are performed, based on general relativistic neutrino radiation hydrodynamics in spherical symmetry, in order to explore the previously reported supernova explosion scenario within this class of phenomenological modified microscopic hadronic EOS. A burst-like neutrino signature is released, substantially longer than previously reported based on common hadron-quark hybrid model EOS with two-phase approach and Gibbs phase-transition construction, as observable signal, which is complemented by a gravitational wave mode analysis.

    Comments:
    submitted in Classical and Quantum Gravity
    Subjects:
    High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2607.10396 [pdf]
    0 citations
  2. 15

    [Submitted on 12 Jul 2026] (cross-list from nucl-ex)

    Precision masses of neutron-rich platinum and gold nuclei reveal enhanced shell strength below doubly-magic Pb

    David Freire-Fernández🇩🇪 · Rui-Jiu Chen🇨🇳 · Usama Ahmed🇩🇪 · Helena M. Albers🇩🇪 · Jelena Bardak🇩🇪 · Carsten Brandau🇩🇪 · Jeroen P. Bormans🇩🇪 · R. Burcu Cakirli🇩🇪 · Rikel Chakma🇺🇸 · Maeve Cockshutt🇨🇦 · Iris Dillmann🇨🇦 · Dmytro Dmytriiev🇩🇪 and 54 other authors

    The heaviest stable nuclei in the universe owe their existence to quantum shell structure, the grouping of protons and neutrons into discrete energy levels separated by gaps. The largest known neutron shell gap in stable nuclei, at , stabilizes doubly-magic Pb and is responsible for the characteristic abundance peak of heavy elements near gold and platinum produced by the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process). Whether this shell gap persists as protons are removed from lead is a question central to both nuclear structure and the modeling of heavy-element synthesis, yet it has remained unanswered due to the extraordinary difficulty of producing the relevant neutron-rich nuclei. Direct experimental knowledge in this region was essentially absent. Here we report the first precision mass measurements of Pt and Au, performed at GSI using a novel combination of Schottky and isochronous mass spectrometry in a heavy-ion storage ring. The isotones Pt and Au are more strongly bound than the extrapolated trend of the previously known mass surface by 403 and 464~keV, respectively, revealing an unexpectedly enhanced shell strength below doubly-magic Pb. Furthermore, the proton-neutron interaction strength exhibits a hitherto unobserved bifurcation at as protons are removed from Pb. Our results redefine the nuclear mass surface in the neutron-rich heavy-element region and provide direct experimental benchmarks for theoretical models whose extrapolations toward more exotic nuclei are essential for r-process nucleosynthesis calculations.

    Comments:
    35 pages, 5 Figures, and Supplementary information. Submitted to Nature
    Subjects:
    Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2607.10894 [pdf]
    0 citations
  3. 16

    [Submitted on 13 Jul 2026] (cross-list from hep-ph)

    Determination of the Odderon amplitude in elastic cross-sections at high energies from scaling and analyticity

    J. A. velazquez Corral🇺🇸 · B. G. Giraud🇫🇷 · R. Peschanski🇫🇷 · C. Royon🇺🇸

    Scaling amplitudes describing elastic scattering differential cross-sections in the dip-bump region of momentum transfer at the LHC have been recently derived~\cite{scaling}. We check that the same scaling is verified by the cross-section at the highest energy of the Tevatron. Applying the general "energy to phase" relation for a given signature, coming from the analiticity properties inherent to the S-Matrix formalism~\cite{chew}, we derive the scaling amplitude with positive signature (i.e. the Pomeron). Fitting the differential cross-sections measured by the TOTEM collaboration leads to some tension with data in the experimental dip observed at moderate momentum transfer. Concentrating the study to the dip/bump region, we are able to determine a contribution of a negative signature amplitude (i.e. the Odderon) leading to a parameter free prediction for the differential cross-section which is in agreement with the D0 data. The extraction of the Odderon amplitude in both modulus and phase is then performed and discussed.

    Subjects:
    High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2607.11286 [pdf]
    2 citations
  4. 17

    [Submitted on 13 Jul 2026] (cross-list from hep-ph)

    Coulomb Effects in Momentum-Space Femtoscopy: A Case Study of the System

    Pablo Encarnación🇪🇸 · Amador García-Lorenzo🇪🇸 · Miguel Albaladejo🇪🇸 · Albert Feijoo🇪🇸 · Juan Nieves🇪🇸 · Isaac Vidaña🇮🇹

    We present a momentum-space framework for the consistent treatment of Coulomb interactions in femtoscopic correlation functions based on a modified Vincent--Phatak method that is more amenable to numerical implementation. The formalism provides a practical approach to incorporating Coulomb effects at the short distances relevant for femtoscopy within the Lippmann--Schwinger equation, while preserving a unified treatment of the strong interaction. As an application, we study the pseudoscalar--baryon decuplet interaction in the system and present predictions for the singly and doubly negatively charged channels, and . As an additional validation of the formalism, we have also applied it to the well-studied system. We further assess the limitations of the asymptotic wave-function approximation and quantify corrections accounting for the short-distance structure of the interaction potential. We introduce a phenomenological parameter that effectively absorbs contributions from both the finite source size and the off-shell structure of the interaction, the latter being one of the main obstacles to extracting detailed information on hadron--hadron interactions from femtoscopic measurements in a model-independent way.

    Comments:
    12 pages, 7 figures
    Subjects:
    High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2607.11321 [pdf]
    2 citations
  5. 18

    [Submitted on 13 Jul 2026] (cross-list from hep-lat)

    Chiral and symmetries in background magnetic fields from lattice QCD

    Heng-Tong Ding🇨🇳 · José Javier Hernández Hernández🇨🇳 · Dan Zhang🇨🇳

    We study chiral symmetry and singlet symmetry in QCD in a background magnetic field using lattice QCD. We first clarify the neutral-sector symmetry structure in a pure magnetic background, where the unequal electric charges of the light quarks explicitly reduce the non-singlet flavor symmetry. We identify the neutral-pion--sigma susceptibility difference, , as the chiral-partner splitting associated with the surviving neutral non-singlet axial symmetry, and the neutral-pion--delta susceptibility difference, , as the singlet partner splitting. We also discuss the disconnected contribution to the neutral-pion susceptibility and its continuum constraint. Numerical results are obtained on fixed-scale -flavor HISQ ensembles with , corresponding to a pion mass of about at vanishing magnetic field. We find that the neutral chiral-partner splitting increases with the magnetic field strength at low temperature and decreases at sufficiently large near the crossover, providing susceptibility-splitting counterparts of magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis, respectively. The singlet partner splitting shows an analogous low-temperature enhancement and large-field suppression near the crossover, with the suppression setting in at larger and remaining milder than in the chiral channel. These results provide a first lattice-QCD study of neutral-sector probes of chiral and singlet partner susceptibility splittings in background magnetic fields.

    Comments:
    12 pages, 4 figures
    Subjects:
    High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2607.11625 [pdf]
    0 citations
  6. 19

    [Submitted on 13 Jul 2026] (cross-list from astro-ph.HE)

    Tidal deformation and strain accumulation of solid compact stars

    Hongxiang Shen🇨🇳 · Yong Gao🇩🇪 · Hong-Bo Li🇨🇳 · Ren-Xin Xu🇨🇳

    The tidal deformability of compact stars encodes the equation of state of dense matter, and gravitational-wave observations such as GW170817 have begun to constrain it under the assumption of a fluid interior. Yet whether the interior of pulsar-like compact stars is fluid or solid remains largely untested, despite the distinct tidal responses the two states predict. In this work, based on the strangeon-star model, we develop a framework for modeling tidal deformation in solid compact stars. Adopting a shear modulus of , we find a relative difference of approximately in tidal deformability between solid and fluid strangeon stars of , corresponding to a deviation from the universal I--Love relation. We further model the accumulation of internal strain during binary inspiral and find that it peaks near the stellar center. When the gravitational-wave frequency reaches several hundred , large-scale fracturing occurs and can release up to of elastic energy, sufficient to power short -ray-burst precursors. This solid-to-fluid transition alters the tidal response and imprints on the waveform and phase of the emitted gravitational radiation. Combined with the precursor electromagnetic emission, these gravitational-wave signatures offer a multi-messenger avenue to test the solid nature of pulsar-like compact stars.

    Comments:
    13 pages, 9 figures
    Subjects:
    High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2607.11780 [pdf]
    0 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE