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Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Monday·April 13, 2026

7 papers—5 primary·2 cross-listed

All7Primary5Cross-lists2
  1. 01

    [Submitted on 10 Apr 2026]

    Crossover Equation of State Constrained by Astronomical Observations and pQCD

    Xuesong Geng🇨🇳 · Kaixuan Huang🇨🇳 · Hong Shen🇨🇳 · Lei Li🇨🇳 · Jinniu Hu🇨🇳

    The hadron--quark crossover equation of state (EOS) of neutron star (NS) matter is investigated by combining relativistic mean-field (RMF) hadronic models with the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model for quark matter. The vector and diquark coupling constants of the NJL model are constrained using perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations at high density through a scale-averaging likelihood approach, together with constraints from NS observations and the causality condition on the speed of sound. It is found that the diquark coupling is tightly constrained to , while the vector coupling is restricted to by the combined pQCD and astrophysical constraints. Crossover EOSs are constructed based on three hadronic RMF parameter sets, and their thermodynamic properties, sound speed behaviour, and trace anomaly are analysed. The resulting EOSs are applied to calculate NS global and dynamical properties, including mass--radius relations, tidal deformabilities, and fundamental radial oscillation frequencies. Compared with pure hadronic EOSs, the hadron--quark crossover is shown to significantly enhance the maximum NS mass, particularly for softer hadronic EOSs, while remaining consistent with observational bounds. It is further shown that the fundamental radial oscillation frequencies predicted by different EOSs exhibit pronounced differences, especially for intermediate-mass NSs, indicating that radial modes may provide a sensitive probe of the internal composition of NSs. These results indicate that quantitative NS observables may provide potential signatures of quark matter in NS interiors.

    Comments:
    27 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, has been accepted by Physical Review D
    Subjects:
    Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2604.08841 [pdf]
    PRD(2026)·0 citations
  2. 02

    [Submitted on 10 Apr 2026]

    Shape transitions and ground-state properties of tungsten isotopes in covariant density functional theory

    Usuf Rahaman

    This study investigates the structural evolution of even-even tungsten isotopes (W) using covariant density functional theory (CDFT) with four relativistic functionals: DD-ME1, DD-ME2, DD-PC1, and DD-PCX. Key nuclear properties, including binding energies, quadrupole deformation parameters, two-neutron separation energies, neutron pairing energies, nuclear radii, and potential energy curves, are analyzed to explore shape transitions and stability from neutron-deficient to neutron-rich isotopes up to the drip line. The results reveal a dynamic shape evolution, with spherical configurations at and , prolate dominance in intermediate regions, and shape coexistence in isotopes such as W, W, W, W, W, and near W. A potential subshell closure at is identified, supported by anomalies in separation energies and vanishing pairing energies. The neutron drip line is predicted at , marked by a return to spherical symmetry. Comparisons with experimental data and other theoretical models, including the deformed Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method with the Skyrme SLy4 interaction, the Finite Range Droplet Model, and the Relativistic Mean Field model with NL3, show strong agreement, validating the robustness of CDFT. These findings enhance our understanding of nuclear structure in the medium-to-heavy mass region and provide insights relevant to r-process nucleosynthesis, thereby guiding future experimental studies at radioactive ion beam facilities.

    Comments:
    14 pages, 11 figures
    Subjects:
    Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2604.09010 [pdf]
    Indian J.Phys.(2026)·0 citations
  3. 03

    [Submitted on 10 Apr 2026]

    From binding and saturation to criticality in nuclear matter with lattice effective field theory

    Osman Agar · Zhengxue Ren · Serdar Elhatisari

    We investigate the interaction dependence of the liquid-gas critical point of symmetric nuclear matter in finite-temperature lattice effective field theory. Building on the pinhole-trace algorithm, we benchmark a first-order perturbative treatment for representative Hamiltonian splittings and then compute the finite-temperature equation of state for a sequence of sign-friendly lattice Hamiltonians ranging from an SU(4)-symmetric interaction to Hamiltonians with physical and channel dependence and three improved leading-order Hamiltonians. The finite-temperature analysis is complemented by zero-temperature calculations of the symmetric-matter saturation point and the binding energies of selected nuclei within the same lattice framework. We find that the benchmarked perturbative strategy is quantitatively reliable in the thermodynamic regime studied. Across this Hamiltonian sequence, the LO Hamiltonians improve the overall description of finite-nucleus binding energies and move the zero-temperature saturation point toward the empirical region, while lowering the critical temperature from 15.33(6) MeV to 13.50(17)-13.71(19) MeV. These calculations show that finite-temperature criticality is not fixed by zero-temperature saturation and binding alone, and provide a complementary benchmark for future lattice interaction development.

    Comments:
    22 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables. Revised version with updated analysis, results, figures, tables, and discussion
    Subjects:
    Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
    arXiv:
    2604.09154 [pdf]
    2 citations
  4. 04

    [Submitted on 10 Apr 2026]

    Unified Extraction of In-Medium Heavy Quark Potentials from RHIC to LHC Energies via Deep Learning

    Jiamin Liu🇨🇳 · Kai Zhou🇨🇳 · Baoyi Chen🇨🇳

    We use deep learning under Bayesian perspective to quantitatively extract the in-medium heavy quark (HQ) potential from bottomonium nuclear modification factors () measured across multiple heavy ion collision systems at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). The in-medium HQ potential, comprising both a real and imaginary part, is parameterized and incorporated into a time-dependent Schrödinger equation to model the wave function evolution of dipoles within a hydrodynamically evolving hot QCD medium. We construct Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to capture the non-linear correspondence between the heavy quark potential and the bottomonium for Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV and 2.76 TeV, and Au-Au collisions at 200 GeV. Training datasets are generated by sampling the potential parameters and are further augmented using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). After validating the stability and correctness of the CNNs, we employ Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD) to perform a simultaneous Bayesian inverse extraction of the optimal potential parameters and their posterior distributions using experimental data of bottomonium in both LHC and RHIC energies. Our joint multi-energy extraction suggests that, within the present parametrization and hydrodynamic background, the real part of the in-medium potential remains close to the vacuum Cornell form, corresponding to a relatively weak screened Debye mass across RHIC to LHC energies. By contrast, the imaginary part is more strongly constrained by the data and provides the dominant contribution to bottomonium suppression from RHIC to LHC energies.

    Comments:
    Latex, 35 pages, 23 figures
    Subjects:
    Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2604.09198 [pdf]
    2 citations
  5. 05

    [Submitted on 10 Apr 2026]

    Synthesis mechanism of superheavy element 120: a dinuclear system model approach with microscopic inputs

    Wei Zhang · Shi-Jie Zhang · Peng-Hui Chen

    The dinuclear system model incorporates several essential input physical quantities, including nuclear mass, fission barrier, shell correction energy, level density parameter, and shell damping factor, etc., which are derived from diverse nuclear structure models. To achieve theoretical consistency, we try to generate these essential input physical quantities from the finite-temperature covariant density functional theory using PC-PK1 energy density functional, with pairing correlations treated via the BCS approach. With microscopically determined input parameters, the dinuclear system model can successfully reproduce experimental results for: (i) cold fusion reaction systems (Ca + Pb No), and (ii) hot fusion reaction systems (Ca + Pu Fl). Furthermore, we perform calculations for the fusion reactions Ti+Cf, V+Bk, Cr+Cm, and Mn+Am, targeting the synthesis of element 120. It is found that the maximum synthesis cross section for these four reactions are 48.20 fb, 12.33 fb, 5.25 fb, 0.47 fb corresponding to Ti(Cf,4n)120 at = 41 MeV, V(Bk,3n)120 at = 34 MeV, Cr(Cm,3n)120 at = 32 MeV, Mn(Am,5n)120 at = 53 MeV, respectively.

    Subjects:
    Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2604.09287 [pdf]
    PRC(2026)·0 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE