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Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Monday·December 8, 2025

8 papers—2 primary·6 cross-listed

All8Primary2Cross-lists6
  1. 03

    [Submitted on 4 Dec 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)

    Jet Charge with Global Event Shapes: Probing Quark Flavor Dynamics

    Yang-Ting Chien🇺🇸 · Sonny Mantry🇺🇸

    We propose measuring the jet electric charge of jet regions, defined within the framework of global event shapes, as a probe of quark flavor dynamics within the nucleon and the hadronization process. In particular, we consider a measurement of the jet region charge while simultaneously keeping track of the energy flow throughout the event, as characterized by the global event shape. As a concrete example, we focus on the measurement of the 1-Jettiness jet charge (), the jet charge of the jet region () defined within the framework of the 1-Jettiness global event shape () for the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) process, , with unpolarized or longitudinally polarized protons. The 1-Jettiness distribution, binned according to jet charge, allows for enhanced quark flavor separation of the initial state unpolarized or polarized PDFs. On the other hand, the jet charge distribution binned by 1-Jettiness can serve as a probe of quark flavor dynamics in the final state hadronization process. We derive a factorization theorem for simultaneous measurements of and in the resummation region, , where denotes the transverse momentum of the jet region. The factorization theorem contains a new universal charged jet function, generalizing the standard jet function to include a jet charge measurement. Therefore these universal functions can be extracted from a global analysis of N-jettiness and thrust at colliders. We provide simulation studies to demonstrate the sensitivity of the 1-Jettiness jet charge observable to quark flavor dynamics in nucleon structure and explore the possibility of probing the final state hadronization process. This observable is well-suited for applications with existing HERA data and the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).

    Comments:
    19 pages, 10 figures, references added, version to appear in Physical Review D
    Subjects:
    High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2512.05199 [pdf]
    PRD(2026)·1 citation
  2. 04

    [Submitted on 4 Dec 2025] (cross-list from quant-ph)

    A Framework for Quantum Simulations of Energy-Loss and Hadronization in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories: SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory in 1+1D

    Zhiyao Li🇺🇸 · Marc Illa🇺🇸 · Martin J. Savage🇺🇸

    Simulations of energy loss and hadronization are essential for understanding a range of phenomena in non-equilibrium strongly-interacting matter. We establish a framework for performing such simulations on a quantum computer and apply it to a heavy quark moving across a modest-sized 1+1D SU(2) lattice of light quarks. Conceptual advances with regard to simulations of non-Abelian versus Abelian theories are developed, allowing for the evolution of the energy in light quarks, of their local non-Abelian charge densities, and of their multi-partite entanglement to be computed. The non-trivial action of non-Abelian charge operators on arbitrary states suggests mapping the heavy quarks to qubits alongside the light quarks, and limits the heavy-quark motion to discrete steps among spatial lattice sites. Further, the color entanglement among the heavy quarks and light quarks is implemented using hadronic operators, and Domain Decomposition is shown to be effective in quantum state preparation. Scalable quantum circuits that account for the heterogeneity of non-Abelian charge sectors across the lattice are used to prepare the interacting ground-state wavefunction in the presence of heavy quarks. The discrete motion of heavy quarks between adjacent spatial sites is implemented using fermionic SWAP operations. Quantum simulations of the dynamics of a system on spatial sites are performed using IBM's quantum computer using 18 qubits, for which the circuits for state preparation, motion, and one second-order Trotter step of time evolution have a two-qubit depth of 398. A suite of error mitigation techniques are used to extract the observables from the simulations, providing results that are in good agreement with classical simulations. The framework presented here generalizes straightforwardly to other non-Abelian groups, including SU(3) for quantum chromodynamics.

    Comments:
    28 pages main text, 16 pages appendices, 34 figures, 14 tables. Fixed typos, improved circuits for baryon operators, generated and analyzed new data with updated circuits
    Subjects:
    Quantum Physics (quant-ph); High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2512.05210 [pdf]
    27 citations
  3. 05

    [Submitted on 4 Dec 2025] (cross-list from nucl-ex)

    Production of Light Nuclei in Au+Au Collisions at GeV from STAR BES-II

    Yixuan Jin (for the STAR Collaboration)🇨🇳

    The studies of the production of light nuclei, such as deuteron and helium nuclei, in heavy-ion collisions are essential for understanding the dynamics of nuclear matter under extreme conditions. The yields and ratios of light nuclei serve as an effective method to distinguish between the thermal and coalescence models of light nuclei formation. Within the coalescence framework, the energy dependence of the coalescence parameters reflects the effective volume of the collision system, while in the thermal model yields are governed by chemical freeze-out conditions. The significantly larger datasets from the STAR Beam Energy Scan Phase II (BES-II), combined with enhanced detector capabilities, allow more precise and comprehensive measurements than phase I. In these proceedings, we present measurements of light nuclei production, including p, , d, , , in Au+Au collisions at BES-II energies of GeV. The results include centrality-dependent transverse momentum spectra and yields (), along with coalescence parameters and particle yield ratios. The physics implications of these results are discussed.

    Comments:
    4 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of Quark Matter 2025
    Subjects:
    Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); High Energy Physics — Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2512.05295 [pdf]
    EPJ Web Conf.(2026)·0 citations
  4. 06

    [Submitted on 4 Dec 2025] (cross-list from astro-ph.HE)

    Nuclear parameter inference with semi-agnostic priors

    Lami Suleiman🇩🇪 · Anthea F. Fantina🇫🇷 · Francesca Gulminelli🇫🇷 · Jocelyn Read🇺🇸

    Radio pulsar timing, X-ray pulse profile modeling, and gravitational-wave detections of binary mergers involving at least one neutron star probe the properties of dense, neutron-rich matter in thermodynamic regimes inaccessible to nuclear laboratories. Such inference relies on building appropriate equation-of-state priors, such as the recently introduced semi-agnostic constructions that incorporate nuclear theory and experimental information available in low- to intermediate-density regimes, while offering the necessary flexibility at high density. In this paper, we assess how detections of mass, radius, and tidal deformability for low-mass or high-mass neutron stars contribute to constraining nuclear empirical parameters in an inference based on semi-agnostic equation-of-state priors. We first assessed the correlation factors between nuclear empirical parameters and the zero-temperature and beta-equilibrated pressure in different density regimes. We then simulated observations for three nucleonic equations of state to test the recovery of the corresponding nuclear empirical parameters. We show that not all nuclear empirical parameters significantly correlate with the pressure and find that they compete in the high-density regime, which challenges their inference. We also find that using semi-agnostic constructions instead of assuming a nucleonic content up to the highest densities in the neutron-star core can help recover the true nuclear empirical parameters with more accuracy. Parametrizing the high-density regime of the equation of state with the nucleonic meta-model can bias the inference of nuclear empirical parameters; semi-agnostic constructions provide a solution to this problem. However, many nuclear parameters contribute similarly to the construction of the baryonic pressure. We find that they are difficult to infer independently, even with extremely precise measurements.

    Comments:
    15 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
    Subjects:
    High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2512.05315 [pdf]
    Astron.Astrophys.(2026)·3 citations
  5. 07

    [Submitted on 5 Dec 2025] (cross-list from quant-ph)

    Lattice field theory for superconducting circuits

    Joshua Lin🇺🇸 · Max Hays🇺🇸 · Stephen Sorokanich III🇺🇸 · Julian Bender🇺🇸 · Phiala E. Shanahan🇺🇸 · Neill C. Warrington🇺🇸

    Large superconducting quantum circuits have a number of important applications in quantum computing. Accurately predicting the performance of these devices from first principles is challenging, as it requires solving the many-body Schrödinger equation. This work introduces a new, general ab-initio method for analyzing large quantum circuits based on lattice field theory, a tool commonly applied in nuclear and particle physics. This method is competitive with state-of-the-art techniques such as tensor networks, but avoids introducing systematic errors due to truncation of the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space associated with superconducting phases. The approach is applied to fluxonium, a specific many-component superconducting qubit with favorable qualities for quantum computation. A systematic study of the influence of impedance on fluxonium is conducted that parallels previous experimental studies, and ground capacitance effects are explored. The qubit frequency and charge noise dephasing rate are extracted from statistical analyses of charge noise, where thousands of instantiations of charge disorder in the Josephson junction array of a fixed fluxonium qubit are explicitly averaged over at the microscopic level. This is difficult to achieve with any other existing method.

    Comments:
    18 pages, 9 figures, 2 appendices
    Subjects:
    Quantum Physics (quant-ph); High Energy Physics — Lattice (hep-lat); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2512.05851 [pdf]
    1 citation
  6. 08

    [Submitted on 5 Dec 2025] (cross-list from astro-ph.HE)

    Differentially rotating neutron stars with dark matter cores

    Lorenzo Cipriani🇮🇹 · Violetta Sagun🇬🇧 · Kalin V. Staykov🇧🇬 · Daniela D. Doneva🇪🇸 · Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev🇧🇬

    Dark matter is expected to accumulate inside neutron stars, modifying the structure of isolated stars and influencing both the dynamics of binary mergers and the evolution of the resulting hypermassive remnants. Since differential rotation is the primary mechanism delaying the collapse of these remnants, understanding its behavior is crucial when assessing the impact of an embedded dark component. In this work, we extend the numerical code RNS to describe two gravitationally coupled fluids in differential rotation, with baryonic matter modeled by a realistic nuclear equation of state and dark matter represented as a self-interacting bosonic condensate. Within this framework, we construct equilibrium sequences for a representative differential rotation law, providing a basis to explore how dark matter may influence the global properties and rotational dynamics of binary neutron star remnants.

    Comments:
    11 pages, 9 figures
    Subjects:
    High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
    arXiv:
    2512.05898 [pdf]
    PRD(2026)·4 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE