Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Wednesday·September 24, 2025

12 papers—6 primary·6 cross-listed

07
A Quantum Computational Determination of the Weak Mixing Angle in the Standard Model
Qiaofeng Liu🇺🇸 · Ian Low🇺🇸 · Zhewei Yin🇺🇸
The weak mixing angle $s_{W}$ is a fundamental constant in the Standard Model (SM) and measured at the $Z$ boson mass to be $s_{W}^{2} (m_{Z}) = 0.23129 \pm 0.00004$ in the $MS$ renormalization scheme, where $m_{Z} = 91.2 GeV$ . On the other hand, non-stabilizerness - the magic - characterizes the computational advantage of a quantum system over classical computers. We consider the production of magic from stabilizer initial states, which carry zero magic, in the 2-to-2 scattering of charged leptons in the SM at the tree level, which is mediated by the photon and the $Z$ boson. Using the second order stabilizer Rényi entropy, and averaging over all 60 initial stabilizer states and the scattering angle, we compute and minimize the magic production as a function of $s_{W}^{2}$ in the Møller scattering $e^{-} e^{-} \to e^{-} e^{-}$ , which is free of kinematic thresholds. At the centre-of-mass energy $s = m_{Z}$ , there is a unique minimum in magic production at $s_{W}^{2} (m_{Z}) = 0.2317$ , which agrees with the measured $s_{W}^{2} (m_{Z})$ at the sub-percent level. At higher energies, the magic-minimizing $s_{W}^{2}$ continues to agree with the empirical value at the percent level or better, up to 10 TeV. The finding suggests the electroweak sector of the SM tends to generate minimal quantum resources from the computational viewpoint.
↳ hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-th+123 citations
08
Probing Quark Electromagnetic Properties via Entangled Quark Pairs in Fragmentation Hadrons at Lepton Colliders
Qing-Hong Cao🇨🇳 · Guanghui Li🇨🇳 · Xin-Kai Wen🇨🇳 · Bin Yan🇨🇳
Electromagnetic dipole interactions of light quarks induce distinct spin correlations in quark pairs produced at lepton colliders, favoring entangled spin-triplet state aligned along the $z^$ axis or spin-singlet state. These correlations lead to unique $cos (ϕ_{1} - ϕ_{2})$ azimuthal asymmetries in inclusive $π^{+} π^{-}$ -dihadron pair production and in back-to-back hadron pairs ( $π π, K π, K K$ ), which are absent in the SM. Using published Belle and BaBar measurements together with projected sensitivities based on ratios of azimuthal asymmetries, we demonstrate that these measurements provide significant constraints on light-quark dipole couplings, with a reduced dependence on poorly known nonperturbative fragmentation functions and free from contamination by other new physics effects. This approach offers a clean and novel probe of light-quark dipole interactions in collider experiments.
↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thRept.Prog.Phys.(2026)·17 citations
09
Global Deep Neural Network Modeling of Compton Form Factors Constrained from Local $χ^{2}$ Maps Fits
L. Calero Diaz🇺🇸 · D. Keller🇺🇸
Over the past two decades, intense experimental efforts have focused on measuring observables that contribute to a three-dimensional description of the nucleon. Generalized Parton Distributions provide complementary insights into the internal structure and dynamics of hadrons, including information about the orbital angular momentum carried by quarks. The most direct process to access these distributions is Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering, in which the cross section can be expressed in terms of Compton Form Factors. These quantities are defined as convolutions of the Generalized Parton Distributions with coefficient functions derived in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. We extract the Compton Form Factors from Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering data collected at Jefferson Lab, including the most recent measurements in Hall A, using a novel local fitting technique based on $χ^{2}$ mapping to constrain the real parts of the Compton Form Factors $H, E$ and $H$ . They are determined independently in each kinematic bin for the unpolarized beam-target configuration under the twist-2 approximation, following the formalism developed by Belitsky, Müller, and Kirchner. The extracted Compton Form Factors are then used to train and regularize a deep neural network, enabling a global determination of their behavior with minimal model dependence. This procedure is validated and systematically studied using pseudodata generated with kinematics matching those of the experimental measurements.
↳ nucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·9 citations
10
Listening to the long ringdown: A novel way to pinpoint the EOS in neutron-star cores
Christian Ecker🇩🇪 · Tyler Gorda🇺🇸 · Aleksi Kurkela🇳🇴 · Luciano Rezzolla🇩🇪
Gravitational waves (GWs) from binary neutron star (BNS) merger remnants complement constraints from the inspiral phase, mass-radius measurements, and microscopic theory by providing information about the neutron-star equation of state (EOS) at extreme densities. We perform general-relativistic simulations of BNS mergers using EOS models that span the uncertain high-density regime. We find a robust correlation between the ratio of energy and angular momentum lost during the late-time post-merger GW signal - the long ringdown - and the EOS at the highest densities in neutron star cores. Applying this correlation to post-merger GW signals reduces EOS uncertainty at several times saturation density, where no direct constraints currently exist.
↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2026)·0 citations
11
Soret and Dufour effects in hot and dense QCD matter
Kamaljeet Singh🇮🇳 · Kangkan Goswami🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳
The gradients act as invisible engines of transport, converting microscopic imbalances into macroscopic flows, and thus providing deep insights into the dynamics of physical systems. Thermal gradients do not merely drive the flow of heat, but they also set the microscopic constituents of the system into motion. In such scenarios, the constituents of the system not only transport energy but also diffuse collectively under the influence of these gradients. For the very first time, we present a first-principles investigation of the Soret and Dufour effects in hot and dense quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter. We use the relativistic Boltzmann transport equation under the relaxation time approximation. By incorporating chemical potential and temperature gradients into the kinetic theory framework, we derive explicit expressions for the Dufour coefficient, which quantifies the heat flow due to concentration gradients, and the Soret coefficient, which describes the particle diffusion induced by thermal gradients. These coupled-transport phenomena are traditionally studied in multi-component classical systems at low energy scales. In this study, we follow quasiparticle models for the deconfined phase and the hadron resonance gas model for the confined hadronic phase in the context of heavy-ion collisions. This study provides novel insights into the thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo phenomena and opens avenues for incorporating such effects in hydrodynamic modeling and transport simulations of QCD matter.
↳ hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRD(2026)·1 citation
12
r-Process Nucleosynthesis With Ab Initio Nuclear Masses Around The N=82 Shell Closure
Jan Kuske · Takayuki Miyagi · Almudena Arcones · Achim Schwenk
Our understanding of the origin of heavy elements beyond iron relies on the rapid neutron capture process (r-process), which accounts for roughly half of their cosmic abundance. However, the extreme neutron-rich conditions required for the r-process involve many nuclei that remain experimentally inaccessible, making theoretical predictions essential. We explore the impact of nuclear masses calculated with the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group, focusing on the region around the N = 82 shell closure. We show for the first time that such ab initio mass calculations can be used to refine r-process predictions compared to global, but more phenomenological mass models. With the ab initio masses, the waiting point of the second r-process peak is strengthened, which leads to an overall slower nucleosynthesis flow, lower abundances of nuclei beyond the peak, and a stronger shift of the third r-process peak.
↳ astro-ph.HEnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2026)·6 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE

A Quantum Computational Determination of the Weak Mixing Angle in the Standard Model

Probing Quark Electromagnetic Properties via Entangled Quark Pairs in Fragmentation Hadrons at Lepton Colliders

Global Deep Neural Network Modeling of Compton Form Factors Constrained from Local χ2 Maps Fits

Listening to the long ringdown: A novel way to pinpoint the EOS in neutron-star cores

Soret and Dufour effects in hot and dense QCD matter

r-Process Nucleosynthesis With Ab Initio Nuclear Masses Around The N=82 Shell Closure

Affiliations

Global Deep Neural Network Modeling of Compton Form Factors Constrained from Local $χ^{2}$ Maps Fits