Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Tuesday·March 4, 2025

25 papers—12 primary·13 cross-listed

13
[Submitted on 28 Feb 2025] (cross-list from quant-ph)
The quantum Newton's bucket: Active and passive rotations in quantum theory
Augusto Facundes🇧🇷 · Kayman Jhosef Goncalves🇧🇷 · Giorgio Torrieri🇧🇷
Motivated both by classical physics problems associated with ``Newton's bucket'' and recent developments related to QCD in rotating frames of reference relevant to heavy ion collisions, we discuss the difference between ``active'' and ``passive'' rotations in quantum systems. We examine some relevant potentials and give general symmetry arguments to give criteria where such rotations give the same results. We close with a discussion of how this can be translated to quantum field theory.
Comments:
Accepted for publication, Modern Physics Letters A (MPLA). Discussion improved and references added
Subjects:
Quantum Physics (quant-ph); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2502.21298 [pdf]
Mod.Phys.Lett.A(2026)·2 citations
14
[Submitted on 28 Feb 2025] (cross-list from gr-qc)
Assessment of universal relations among second-order moments of relativistic stars via reformulated perturbation equations
Koutarou Kyutoku
We assess the universal relations among second-order moments of relativistic stars, namely the moment of inertia, tidal deformability, and spin-induced quadrupole moment, via reformulated perturbation equations. After constructing the spherical background configuration by solving two ordinary differential equations as usual, these three moments are obtained by solving four additional ordinary differential equations. They are solved numerically from the stellar center to the surface, and we do not need to derive homogeneous solutions for obtaining the quadrupole moment. This small number of ordinary differential equations to be solved enables us to identify the primary variable for each second-order moment. Investigating the profile of these variables in the star, we speculate that their nonmonotonic behavior, enhanced typically for soft equations of state and/or high compactnesses, introduces the variety to the relations among these second-order moments unless the black-hole limit is approached. Because realistic relativistic stars are widely believed to be characterized by stiff equations of state, they enjoy the universal relation to a great extent.
Comments:
8 pages, 3 figures
Subjects:
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.00098 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·6 citations
15
[Submitted on 1 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
One-loop off-shell quark-gluon vertex in arbitrary gauge and dimensions: a streamlined approach through the second-order formalism of QCD
Victor Miguel Banda Guzmán🇲🇽 · Adnan Bashir🇲🇽
The standard Feynman rules used for perturbative calculations in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are derived from a Lagrangian that is first-order in derivatives. It includes a three-point quark-gluon vertex which obscures the precise disentangled manner in which spin and momentum are interchanged during these interactions. An unambiguous understanding of this interchange is insightful for efficiently extracting physically relevant information from various Green's functions. To separate the scalar and spin degrees of freedom and gain physical insight from the outset, we examine the quark-gluon vertex using the less commonly employed second-order formalism of QCD. We compute this off-shell vertex in arbitrary space-time dimensions and covariant gauges by using scalar integrals with shifted dimensions, which include higher powers of the propagators, within a combined first- and second-order formalism. This approach naturally identifies the transverse components of the quark-gluon vertex, even before evaluating the tensor Feynman integrals. We also compute the on-shell version of this vertex using exclusively the second-order formalism, facilitating a precise identification of spin and momentum interchange. Through analyzing the Pauli form factor at $k^{2} = 0$ (where $k$ represents the momentum of the external gluon), we find that only a specific set of second-order Feynman diagrams are relevant for calculating the electromagnetic and chromomagnetic dipole moments. These diagrams represent quantum processes in which the spin of the incoming quark changes only once due to interactions with the virtual gluons that form the quark-gluon vertex. All other interactions involve only momentum interchange (scalar interactions). Our results are in complete agreement with those obtained from the first-order formalism.
Comments:
21 pages, 7 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.00350 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·2 citations
16
[Submitted on 1 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Does $f_{1} (1420)$ have a double-peak structure?
Bao-Xi Sun🇨🇳
The one-pion exchange interaction between the kaon and the vector antikaon is investigated by solving the Schrodinger equation in the S-wave approximation. In addition to the $f_{1} (1285)$ particle, another bound state of $K K ˉ^{*}$ is found, which is approximately 9 MeV below the threshold of $K K ˉ^{*}$ and labeled $f_{1} (1378)$ for convenience in this manuscript. Under the outgoing wave condition, two resonance states of $K K ˉ^{*}$ are produced by solving the Schrodinger equation with different coupling constants in the one-pion-exchange potential fixed with the binding energies of $K K ˉ^{*}$ bound states $f_{1} (1285)$ and $f_{1} (1378)$ respectively. Both of the resonance states are located in the vicinity of 1400 MeV, and thus it is reasonable to assume that these two resonance states correspond to the $f_{1} (1420)$ particle in the review of the Particle Data Group although they arise from different couplings of the kaon and vector antikaon, respectively.
Comments:
9 pages, 2 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.00478 [pdf]
0 citations
17
[Submitted on 2 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Possible Explanation of $F_{2}^{n} / F_{2}^{p}$ at Large $x$ Using Quantum Statistical Mechanics
C. Bourrely🇫🇷 · F. Buccella🇮🇹 · W. C. Chang🇹🇼 · D. Di Bari🇮🇹 · P. H. Frampton🇮🇹 · J. C. Peng🇺🇸
The recent accurate measurements of the scattering of electrons off of the mirror nuclei $^{3}$ H and $^{3}$ He show with small errors that the neutron to proton ratio $r (x) = F_{2}^{n} (x) / F_{2}^{p} (x)$ , approaches a value larger than 1/4 for $x \to 1$ . We suggest a possible explanation for this experimental result by studying the consequences of the Pauli exclusion principle for the parton distribution when the ratio is described by quantum statistical mechanics description in terms of three parameters inspired by the quantum statistical approach.
Comments:
6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Nuclear Physics A
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.00693 [pdf]
NPA(2026)·1 citation
18
[Submitted on 2 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Time-evolution of parity-odd cascades in homogeneous Abelian and non-Abelian media with chiral imbalance
Jeremy Hansen🇺🇸 · Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸
We study radiation by a fast particle in a medium with a finite chiral chemical potential. The medium's anomalous response encompasses the chiral magnetic effect, enabling novel chiral Cherenkov and pair production processes. The kinematics of the corresponding cascades is fundamentally different from conventional cascades. Notably, it is not dominated by the strong ordering of momenta. Employing the effective Chern-Simons extensions of QED and QCD to incorporate the chiral magnetic effect, we derive and solve the evolution equations describing the cascades in a chiral medium, presuming that the anomalous contributions are dominant.
Comments:
23 pages, 5 figures; v2: (2c) + typos corrected, discussion added
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.00933 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·5 citations
19
[Submitted on 3 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
General behavior of near-threshold hadron scattering for exotic hadrons
Katsuyoshi Sone · Tetsuo Hyodo
We discuss the general behavior of the near-threshold scattering amplitude with channel couplings. The signal of the exotic hadrons near the threshold may manifest as a dip structure in the cross section originated from a zero point of the scattering amplitude. Such a dip structure by the zero point cannot be reproduced by the Flatté amplitude which is widely used for the analysis of exotic hadrons, because of the constraints imposed on the Flatté amplitude near the threshold. In this work, we propose the General amplitude which can describe the dip structure near the threshold, in contrast to the Flatté amplitude. Moreover, we numerically study the behavior of the near-threshold cross section in relation to the zero point.
Comments:
8 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of The XVIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum Conference (QCHSC2024), 19th-24th August, 2024
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.01088 [pdf]
PoS(2025)·0 citations
20
[Submitted on 3 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Effects of Initial Nucleon-Nucleon Correlations on Light Nuclei Production in Au+Au Collisions at $s_{NN} = 3$ GeV
Qian-Ru Lin🇨🇳 · Yu-Jing Huang🇨🇳 · Long-Gang Pang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Feng Luo · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳
Light nuclei production in heavy-ion collisions serves as a sensitive probe of the QCD phase structure. In coalescence models, triton ( $N_{t}$ ) and deuteron ( $N_{d}$ ) yields depend on the spatial separation of nucleon pairs ( $Δ r$ ) in Wigner functions, yet the impact of initial two-nucleon correlations $ρ (Δ r)$ remains underexplored. We develop a method to sample nucleons in $^{197}$ Au nuclei that simultaneously satisfies both the single-particle distribution $f (r)$ and the two-nucleon correlation $ρ (Δ r)$ . Using these nuclei, we simulate Au+Au collisions at $s_{NN} = 3$ GeV via the SMASH transport model (mean-field mode) to calculate proton, deuteron, and triton yields. Simulations reveal a 36% enhancement in mid-rapidity deuteron yields across all centrality ranges and a 33% rise in mid-rapidity triton production for 0-10% central collisions. Calculated transverse momentum of light nuclei aligns with STAR data. We further analyze impacts of baryon conservation, spectator exclusion, and centrality determination via charged multiplicity. Notably, observed discrepancies in the double yield ratio suggest unaccounted physical mechanisms, such as critical fluctuations or inaccuracies in coalescence parameters or light nuclei cross-sections. This underscores the critical role of initial nucleon-nucleon correlations, linking microscopic nuclear structure to intermediate-energy collision dynamics.
Comments:
15 pages, 16 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.01128 [pdf]
4 citations
21
[Submitted on 3 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Role of the short-range dynamics in the formation of $D^{(*)} D ˉ^{(*)} / B^{(*)} B ˉ^{(*)}$ hadronic molecules
Nijiati Yalikun🇨🇳 · Xiang-Kun Dong🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪
We investigate potential hadronic molecular states in the $D^{(*)} D ˉ^{(*)}$ and $B^{(*)} B ˉ^{*}$ systems using light meson exchange interactions. Our analysis focuses on coupled-channel systems with spin-parity quantum numbers $J^{P C} = 0^{++}$ , $1^{+\pm}$ and $2^{++}$ , examining how the $δ (r)$ potential affects states near threshold. Using coupled-channel analysis, we reproduce the $X (3872)$ mass with a given cutoff for the $(I) J^{P C} = (0) 1^{++}$ state, finding a minimal impact from the $δ (r)$ term. At this cutoff, both the $(0) 0^{++}$ state near the $D D ˉ$ threshold and the $(0) 1^{+-}$ state near the $D D ˉ^{*}$ threshold show less sensitivity to the $δ (r)$ term compared to the three states- $(0) 0^{++}$ , $(0) 1^{+-}$ , and $(0) 2^{++}$ -near the $D^{*} D ˉ^{*}$ threshold. As anticipated, the $B^{(*)} B ˉ^{*}$ systems exhibit similar behavior but with stronger binding due to their larger reduced mass. These findings suggest promising directions for future experimental searches, particularly in the isoscalar sector, which could substantially advance our understanding of exotic tetraquark states.
Comments:
11 pages, 6 figures
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.01322 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·11 citations
22
[Submitted on 3 Mar 2025] (cross-list from nucl-ex)
$Z = 14$ Magicity Revealed by the Mass of the Proton Dripline Nucleus $^{22}$ Si
Y. M. Xing · Y. F. Luo · Y. H. Zhang · M. Wang · X. H. Zhou · J. G. Li · K. H. Li · Q. Yuan · Y. F. Niu · J. Y. Guo · J. C. Pei · F. R. Xu and 27 other authors
Using the $B ρ$ -defined isochronous mass spectrometry technique, we conducted the first mass measurement of the proton dripline nucleus $^{22}$ Si. We confirm that $^{22}$ Si is bound against particle emission with $S_{p} / S_{2 p} = + 1412 (114) / + 229 (54)$ keV, fixing the proton dripline location for the Si element. By analyzing the mass differences of the neighboring $s d$ -shell nuclei, we find that $^{22}$ Si exhibits a doubly-magic character similar to its mirror partner $^{22}$ O, and that the mirror energy difference of $^{22}$ Si- $^{22}$ O deviates from the predictions assuming mirror symmetry. Gamow shell-model calculations reveal that the average occupations of valence protons in $^{22}$ Si are nearly identical to those of valence neutrons in $^{22}$ O, supporting the $Z = 14$ magicity in $^{22}$ Si. The observed mirror-symmetry breaking is attributed to the extended proton distribution in $^{22}$ Si arising from a small contribution of the unbound $π 2 s_{1/2}$ orbital.
Subjects:
Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.01380 [pdf]
PRL(2025)·18 citations
23
[Submitted on 3 Mar 2025] (cross-list from astro-ph.HE)
Neutrinos from dense environments
M. Cristina Volpe (CNRS, APC)🇫🇷
Neutrinos from dense environments are unique laboratories for astrophysics, particle physics and many-body physics. They tell us about the last stages of the gravitational core-collapse and the explosion of massive stars. These elusive particles are also tightly linked to heavy elements synthesis in gravitational core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers, or play a pivotal role at the MeV epoch during the Universe expansion. We highlight theoretical and observational aspects of this interesting domain, in particular for the future measurement of neutrinos from the next core-collapse supernova, and of the diffuse supernova background, whose discovery might lie in the forthcoming future.
Comments:
8 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings for the "35th Rencontres de Blois", October 20-25, 2024, Blois
Subjects:
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.01405 [pdf]
0 citations
24
[Submitted on 3 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Exploring X17 and dark charges in the context of Standard Model tensions
Antonio Capolupo🇮🇹 · Aniello Quaranta🇮🇹 · Raoul Serao🇮🇹
We report on recent results, according to which the hyphothetical X17 boson could affect the muon g-2 anomaly and the Lamb Shift. Moreover by considering the kinetic mixing between this new boson and the U(1)Y we establish possible contribution of the X17 to the W mass.
Comments:
Proceeding for the conference DICE 2024. To appear on J. Phys. Conf. Series
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.01594 [pdf]
1 citation
25
[Submitted on 3 Mar 2025] (cross-list from hep-ph)
Gradient corrections to the local-equilibrium energy-momentum tensor in the Zubarev approach
Sergii V. Akkelin🇺🇦 · Dirk H. Rischke🇩🇪
We compute the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor of a real scalar field in an approximation which accounts for spacetime gradients of the hydrodynamical variables in local thermodynamical equilibrium. We show that the energy-momentum tensor receives corrections with respect to the standard local-equilibrium result. Notably, the relation between the energy density and pressure, i.e., the equation of state, is modified with respect to the one in global equilibrium. The obtained corrections might be relevant for systems created in relativistic hadron and heavy-ion collisions.
Comments:
16 pages, typos fixed, to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Subjects:
High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2503.01706 [pdf]
PRD(2025)·2 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE