Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Monday·December 30, 2024

19 papers—10 primary·9 cross-listed

01
[Submitted on 21 Dec 2024]
Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
Prabal Adhikari🇺🇸 · Martin Ammon🇩🇪 · Sidney S. Avancini🇧🇷 · Alejandro Ayala🇲🇽 · Aritra Bandyopadhyay🇩🇪 · David Blaschke🇵🇱 · Fabio L. Braghin🇧🇷 · Pavel Buividovich🇬🇧 · Rafael P. Cardoso🇧🇷 · Casey Cartwright🇳🇱 · Jorge David Castaño-Yepes🇨🇱 · Maxim Chernodub🇫🇷 and 49 other authors
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous across different physical systems of current interest; from the early Universe, compact astrophysical objects and heavy-ion collisions to condensed matter systems. A proper treatment of the effects produced by magnetic fields during the dynamical evolution of these systems, can help to understand observables that otherwise show a puzzling behavior. Furthermore, when these fields are comparable to or stronger than \Lambda_QCD, they serve as excellent probes to help elucidate the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. In this work we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments on the description of QED and QCD systems where magnetic field driven effects are important. These include the modification of meson static properties such as masses and form factors, the chiral magnetic effect, the description of anomalous transport coefficients, superconductivity in extreme magnetic fields, the properties of neutron stars, the evolution of heavy-ion collisions, as well as effects on the QCD phase diagram. We describe recent theory and phenomenological developments using effective models as well as LQCD methods. The work represents a state-of-the-art review of the field, motivated by presentations and discussions during the "Workshop on Strongly Interacting Matter in Strong Electromagnetic Fields" that took place in the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*) in the city of Trento, Italy, September 25-29, 2023.
Comments:
325 pages-long review of recent topics of interest in the field of magnetic field effects on QED and QCD matter. To be susbmitted to PNPP
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2412.18632 [pdf]
PPNP(2026)·69 citations
02
[Submitted on 25 Dec 2024]
Effects of chiral symmetry restoration on dilepton production in heavy ion collisions
Wen-Hao Zhou🇨🇳 · Che Ming Ko🇺🇸 · Kai-Jia Sun🇨🇳
Because of their weak interactions with the strongly interacting matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, dileptons provide an ideal probe of the early dynamics of these collisions. Here, we study dilepton production using a partonic transport model that is based on an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. In this model, the in-medium quark masses decrease with increasing temperature as a result of the restoration of chiral symmetry. We find that the extracted temperature from dileptons of intermediate masses agrees well with the temperature of the partonic matter, suggesting that dilepton production can be used as a thermometer for the produced partonic matter. Our results also indicate that the extracted in-medium quark masses decrease with increasing dilepton temperature, implying that dilepton production can further serve as a probe of chiral symmetry restoration in high energy heavy-ion collisions.
Comments:
8 pages, 9 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Theory (hep-th)
arXiv:
2412.18895 [pdf]
4 citations
03
[Submitted on 26 Dec 2024]
Nuclear matter properties from chiral-scale effective theory including a dilatonic scalar meson
Lu-Qi Zhang🇨🇳 · Yao Ma🇨🇳 · Yong-Liang Ma🇨🇳
Chiral effective theory has become a powerful tool for studying the low-energy properties of QCD. In this work, we apply an extended chiral effective theory -- chiral-scale effective theory -- including a dilatonic scalar meson to study nuclear matter and find that the properties around saturation density can be well reproduced. Compared to the traditionally used Walecka-type models in nuclear matter studies, our approach improves the behavior of symmetry energy and the incompressibility coefficient in describing empirical data without introducing additional freedoms. Moreover, the predicted neutron star structures fall within the constraints of GW170817, PSR J0740+6620, and PSR J0030+0451, while the maximum neutron star mass can reach about $3 M_{⊙}$ with a pure hadronic phase. Additionally, we find that symmetry patterns of the effective theory significantly impact neutron star structures. %In chiral-scale effective theory, effective operators are well organized by chiral-scale orders and freedoms induced by QCD symmetry patterns. We believe that introducing this type of theory into nuclear matter studies can lead to a deeper understanding of QCD, nuclear matter, and compact astrophysical objects.
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph)
arXiv:
2412.19023 [pdf]
CPC(2026)·6 citations
04
[Submitted on 26 Dec 2024]
Deformation and core $+ n$ decoupling in the spectrum of $^{17}$ C
Tadahiro Suhara · Yasutaka Taniguchi · Wataru Horiuchi · Shin Watanabe · Takenori Furumoto
The coexistence of various structures, such as diverse shapes and cluster structures, is a fundamental property of atomic nuclei. In neutron-rich nuclei, a core $+ n$ structure can compete with nuclear deformation due to the small neutron separation energy. A neutron-rich carbon isotope, $^{17}$ C, exemplifies the appearance of the deformation and the core+ $n$ decoupling in its spectrum, which is desirable for a deeper understanding of the coexistence phenomena in neutron-rich nuclei. We aim to describe and understand this coexistence phenomenon in the low-lying levels of $^{17}$ C in a unified manner considering explicitly the degrees of freedom of both the quadrupole deformation and the relative motion between a $^{16}$ C core and a valence neutron. We adopt the generator coordinate method (GCM) with the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) to describe various configurations. We superpose various basis wave functions generated by the energy variation by imposing two types of constraints: one incorporating the degree of the quadrupole deformation and the other taking care of the relative motion between a $^{16}$ C core and a valence neutron. We find that the experimental energy level is well reproduced by the present method, including both deformed and $^{16}$ C+ $n$ configurations. The ground $3/ 2^{+}$ and second excited $5/ 2^{+}$ states exhibit a triaxially deformed shape, while the main component of the first excited $1/ 2^{+}$ state is a $^{16}$ C( $0^{+}$ ) core plus an $s$ -wave neutron configuration. The tail of the valence neutron is significantly improved by including the $^{16}$ C+ $n$ basis functions explicitly. The explicit inclusion of both the quadrupole deformation and the relative motion between a core and a valence neutron is essential to describe the coexistence phenomena observed in neutron-rich nuclei in the AMD+GCM framework.
Comments:
9 pages, 5 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2412.19117 [pdf]
PRC(2025)·1 citation
05
[Submitted on 26 Dec 2024]
Investigating nuclear density profiles to reveal particle-hole configurations in the island of inversion
R. Barman (1, 2) · W. Horiuchi (3, 4, 2) · M. Kimura (2) · R. Chatterjee (1) ((1) Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India (2) RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan, (3) Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan, (4) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan)
Background: In the mass regions with an abnormal shell structure, the so-called ``island of inversion," the spin-parity of odd-mass nuclei provides quantitative insights into the shell evolution. However, the experimental determination of the spin-parity is often challenging, leaving it undetermined in many nuclei. Purpose: We discuss how the shell structure affects the density profiles of nuclei in the island of inversion and investigate whether these can be probed from the total reaction and elastic scattering cross sections. Method: The antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) is employed to generate various particle-hole configurations and predict the energy levels of these nuclei. The obtained density distributions are used as inputs to the Glauber model, which is employed to calculate the total reaction and elastic scattering cross sections for revealing their relationship to the particle-hole configurations. Results: In addition to the well-known correlation between nuclear deformation and radius, we show the correlations between the particle-hole configurations and both central density and diffuseness. We show that different particle-hole configurations are well reflected in the total reaction and elastic scattering cross sections. Conclusion: The total reaction and elastic scattering cross sections are useful probes to identify the spin-parity of nuclei when different particle-hole configurations coexist.
Comments:
12 pages, 10 figures, 9 tables
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2412.19270 [pdf]
PRC(2025)·3 citations
06
[Submitted on 26 Dec 2024]
Probing medium response via strangeness enhancement around quenched jets
Ao Luo🇨🇳 · Shanshan Cao🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳
Jet-induced medium excitation is a crucial part of jet interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and has recently been confirmed by experiment for the first time. Based on the AMPT model simulation, we propose the strangeness enhancement around quenched jets as a novel signature of jet-induced medium excitation. By applying the jet-particle correlation techniques, we calculate jet-induced particle yields around the jets and find a significant enhancement of the strange-to-non-strange-hadron ratio and the double-to-single-strange-hadron ratio correlated with jets in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions relative to proton-proton collisions. This enhancement increases with both the strength of jet-QGP interactions and the radial distance from jet axis. These observations align with the features of jet-induced medium excitation and parton coalescence in hadron formation, and await experimental validation in the future measurements.
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
arXiv:
2412.19283 [pdf]
PLB(2025)·3 citations
07
[Submitted on 27 Dec 2024]
Hydrodynamic Description of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Ulrich Heinz · Björn Schenke
We review the history and success of applying relativistic hydrodynamics to high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We emphasize the important role hydrodynamics has played in the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma and its quantitative exploration.
Comments:
32 pages, 6 figures, Contribution to "Quark Gluon Plasma at Fifty - A Commemorative Journey", Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Editors: Tapan Nayak, Marco Van Leeuwen, Steffen Bass, Claudia Ratti, James Dunlop
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph)
arXiv:
2412.19393 [pdf]
38 citations
08
[Submitted on 27 Dec 2024]
Impact of dineutrons on nuclear compositions of a core-collapse supernova
Tatsuya Matsuki🇯🇵 · Shun Furusawa🇯🇵 · Katsuhiko Suzuki🇯🇵
We study the nuclear compositions in the central region of a core-collapse supernova, assuming the existence of dineutrons ( $^{2} n$ ) and tetraneutrons ( $^{4} n$ ). At 100~ms after core bounce, $^{2} n$ and $^{4} n$ are more abundant than deuterons within radii of approximately 100 and 50~km, respectively. Compared to the model ignoring the existence of $^{2} n$ and $^{4} n$ , the mass fraction of neutrons up to a radius of 100~km reduces, while the mass fractions of protons, deuterons, and $^{4} He$ increase. Due to the uncertainties in the properties of $^{2} n$ and $^{4} n$ , we investigate the influence of their binding energies on the nuclear composition. We find the binding energy of $^{2} n$ has only a modest effect on the overall composition, except for its own mass fraction, while that of $^{4} n$ has a negligible impact.
Comments:
6 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. Revised version with shortened content and updated title
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); High Energy Physics — Phenomenology (hep-ph)
arXiv:
2412.19521 [pdf]
PRC(2025)·3 citations
09
[Submitted on 27 Dec 2024]
The consistent analyses for determination of the point-nucleon distributions by electron and proton scatterings
Toshio Suzuki · Rika Danjo · Toshimi Suda · Masayuki Matsuzaki · Tomotsugu Wakasa
Electron scattering cross section, as well as proton scattering cross section, observes the point-proton and the point-neutron distributions, but both cross sections are not able to determine them separately. If they are analyzed consistently with each other, there is a possibility to determine them with less ambiguity.The consistency can be examined through the moments of the charge distribution, which linearly depend on the moments of the point-proton and -neutron distributions.
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2412.19639 [pdf]
Front.in Phys.(2025)·0 citations
10
[Submitted on 27 Dec 2024]
Application of normalizing flows to nuclear many-body perturbation theory
Pengsheng Wen · Jeremy W. Holt · Albany Blackburn
Many-body perturbation theory provides a powerful framework to study the ground state and thermodynamic properties of nuclear matter as well as associated single-particle potentials and response functions within a systematic order-by-order expansion. However, computational challenges can emerge beyond the lowest orders of perturbation theory, especially when computing both single-particle potentials and response functions, which in general are complex-valued and require Cauchy principal value calculations of high-dimensional integrals. We demonstrate that normalizing flows are suitable for Monte Carlo importance sampling of both regular and irregular functions appearing in nuclear many-body calculations. Normalizing flows are a class of machine learning models that can be used to build and sample from complicated distributions through a bijective mapping from a simple base distribution. Furthermore, a well-trained model for a certain target integrand can be efficiently transferred to calculate related integrals with varying physical conditions. These features can enable more efficient tabulations of nuclear physics inputs to numerical simulations of supernovae and neutron star mergers across varying physical conditions and nuclear force models.
Comments:
15 pages, 13 figures
Subjects:
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
arXiv:
2412.19777 [pdf]
PRC(2026)·6 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE