Isospin-dependence of the charge-changing cross-section shaped by the charged-particle evaporation process

Abstract

We present the charge-changing cross sections (CCCS) of ${}^{11-15}$C, ${}^{13-17}$N, and ${}^{15,17-18}$O at around 300 MeV/nucleon on a carbon target, which extends to $p$-shell isotopes with $N<Z$ for the first time. The Glauber model, which considers only the proton distribution of projectile nuclei, underestimates the cross sections by more than 10\%. We show that this discrepancy can be resolved by considering the contribution from the charged-particle evaporation process (CPEP) following projectile neutron removal. Using nucleon densities from the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum, we investigate the isospin-dependent CPEP contribution to the CCCS for a wide range of neutron-to-proton separation energy asymmetry. Our calculations, which include the CPEP contribution, agree well with existing systematic data and reveal an ``evaporation peak" at the isospin symmetric region where the neutron-to-proton separation energy is close to zero. These results suggest that analysis beyond the Glauber model is crucial for accurately determining nuclear charge radii from CCCSs.

Comments: 5 figures