Bulk Viscosity Effects in Event-by-Event Relativistic Hydrodynamics

Abstract

Bulk viscosity effects on the collective flow harmonics in heavy ion collisions are investigated, on an event by event basis, using a newly developed 2+1 Lagrangian hydrodynamic code named v-USPhydro which implements the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm for viscous hydrodynamics. A new formula for the bulk viscous corrections present in the distribution function at freeze-out is derived starting from the Boltzmann equation for multi-hadron species. Bulk viscosity is shown to enhance the collective flow Fourier coefficients from $v_2(p_T)$ to $v_5(p_T)$ when GeV even when the bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio, , is significantly smaller than $1/(4\pi )$.

Comments: 23 pages, 12 figures, corrected typos, one reference included