Nuclear Experiment·nucl-ex

Tue·Aug 18, 2026Tuesday·August 18, 2026

6 papers—2 primary·4 cross-listed

01
Best Reaction Target To Determine Proton Distribution Radii of Atomic Nuclei
Jun-Yao Xu🇨🇳 · Bao-Hua Sun · Isao Tanihata · Satoru Terashima · Jian-Wei Zhao🇩🇪 · Ji-Chao Zhang · Ge Guo🇨🇳 · Shi-Tao Wang🇺🇸 · Lei Shen · Jun Su🇨🇳 · Xiao-Dong Xu · Andrej Prochazka and 20 other authors
We found that a heavy target such as Pb is most suitable for determining the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei through charge-changing cross-section ( $σ_{cc}$ ) measurements. As a heavy ion probe, low- $Z$ targets are routinely used to determine nucleon distribution radii of unstable isotopes. This approach has recently been extended to study proton distribution radii from $σ_{cc}$ measurements. However, empirical scaling factors have to be introduced to apply the Glauber models. In the present work, we systematically investigated the scaling factor using 39 new $σ_{cc}$ data of 18 $p$ -shell nuclei on hydrogen, carbon, silver, and lead targets at around 240 MeV/nucleon. Together with the existing data, we reveal a universal dependence of the scaling factor on both the masses of target nuclei and the separation energies of projectile nuclei. The scaling factors decrease with increasing target-nucleus mass and converge to 1 for the highest- $Z$ target, making the scaling unnecessary. We conclude that instead of a low- $Z$ target, employing a heavy target such as Pb in $σ_{cc}$ measurements is the best option to determine the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei.
nucl-excs.DBnucl-thPRL(2026)·0 citations
02
Probing the Size of Neutron and Proton Single-Particle Orbitals from Nucleon Knockout Reactions
M. Enciu🇩🇪 · A. Obertelli🇩🇪 · P. Doornenbal🇯🇵 · C. Barbieri🇮🇹 · S. Brolli🇮🇹 · M. Heinz🇺🇸 · W. Horiuchi🇯🇵 · T. Inakura🇯🇵 · W. H. Long🇨🇳 · T. Miyagi🇩🇪 · F. Nowacki🇫🇷 · K. Ogata🇯🇵 and 74 other authors
The size of neutron and proton single-particle orbitals of $^{52}$ Ca, $^{53}$ Ca, $^{54}$ Ca, and $^{55}$ Sc were investigated via nucleon knockout reactions at $\sim$ 230 MeV/nucleon. The determination method is based on the measured fragment momentum distributions in $(p, p n)$ and $(p, 2 p)$ reactions, which are shown to be sensitive to the spatial extension of the wave function of the knocked-out nucleon, interpreted within the distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) framework. A systematic sensitivity study is carried out for the $(p, p n)$ recoil-momentum distribution method and is presented in this work. The experimental momentum distributions are compared to state-of-the-art mean field and $ab$ $ini t i o$ in-medium similarity renormalization group and self-consistent Green's function calculations in combination with DWIA reaction theory calculations. Based on this work, the 1 $p$ neutron orbitals are consistently found $0.48 - 0.78$ fm larger than the $0 f_{7/2}$ neutron orbitals in $^{52 - 54}$ Ca, while the size evolution of the valence proton orbitals remains inconclusive due to the large associated statistical uncertainties.
nucl-exnucl-th0 citations
03
Statistical validation of calorimeter inpainting with generative diffusion priors
Himanshu Raj🇺🇸 · Roli Esha🇺🇸
Localized detector inefficiencies produce incomplete calorimeter data that limit the ability to perform precision measurements. We address this problem in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a Bayesian perspective using pretrained calorimeter diffusion models as priors to reconstruct the missing signal conditioned on surrounding measurements. In this work, we conduct a systematic comparison of several diffusion-based inpainting algorithms, whose performance is evaluated using Bayesian posterior diagnostics of energy response, spatial bias, and uncertainty calibration. The reconstruction fidelity is also analyzed across collision centralities and masked region sizes. This study establishes a general validation strategy for probabilistic reconstruction of missing detector information.
↳ physics.data-anhep-exnucl-ex0 citations
04
Development of a 10 mol% Rubidium-doped CsI Crystal for $^{87}$ Rb Beta-Spectroscopy and Sterile Neutrino Searches
W. K. Kim · K. W. Kim · L. T. Truc · H. S. Lee🇬🇧 · H. J. Kim · Y. D. Kim🇰🇷
The third-forbidden non-unique beta-decay of $^{87}$ Rb to $^{87}$ Sr (Q $_{β} = 282.275 (6)$ keV) has long served as an important benchmark for understanding forbidden beta-decay. To investigate this, we have developed a novel CsI scintillator with a 10 mol% Rb concentration using the Bridgman method. The incorporated $^{87}$ Rb serves as an intrinsic radioactive source, enabling a source-in-detector configuration with high detection efficiency and minimal energy loss for low-energy electrons from beta-decay. We investigated both Rb doped and Tl co-doped CsI crystals and characterized their scintillation properties, including light yield, energy resolution, and non-linear response. We report distinct scintillation characteristics for the CsI:Rb and CsI:Tl,Rb crystals, with light yields of $1.38 \pm 0.01$ and $4.73 \pm 0.13$ PE/keV, respectively. Using the measured $^{87}$ Rb beta-spectrum, we search for a keV-scale sterile neutrino admixture through the characteristic kink-like distortion induced by a heavy neutrino mass eigenstate. This study provides a basis for future sterile neutrino searches using rubidium doped CsI crystal.
↳ physics.ins-dethep-exnucl-ex0 citations
05
Rotation modified QCD equation of state across crossover at finite chemical potential
S. Ipsita Sahoo🇮🇳 · Sanjeebani Biswal🇮🇳 · Dipanwita Dutta🇮🇳 · Dipak Kumar Mishra🇮🇳
It is well-established that at low baryon chemical potential, the transition from the confined hadronic phase to the deconfined partonic phase is a smooth crossover rather than a first or second-order phase transition. We develop a thermodynamically consistent hybrid equation of state to study the effect of global rotation on the equation of state across the QCD crossover that interpolates the hadronic and partonic phases. The temperature dependence of normalized thermodynamic observables, such as entropy density ( $s / T^{3}$ ), pressure ( $P / T^{4}$ ), energy density ( $ε / T^{4}$ ), specific heat ( $C_{V} / T^{3}$ ), and the square of speed of sound ( $c_{s}^{2}$ ) in presence of rotation are investigated. The effect of non-zero chemical potential on thermodynamic quantities in presence of rotation is also studied. Our results show that increasing chemical potential enhances the thermodynamic quantities, whereas rotation suppresses them in the crossover region. Further, we investigate the effect of rotation on the conserved numbers susceptibilities and their correlations as a function of temperature. The susceptibilities and their correlations exhibit a systematic enhancement with increase in rotation in both the hadronic and partonic phases. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between rotation and QCD thermodynamics, which can have important implications for rapidly rotating strongly interacting matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
↳ hep-phnucl-exnucl-th0 citations
06
Nuclear Drip Line and the Composition of Supernova Matter
S. Maity🇨🇳 · S. Mallik🇮🇳
The nuclear drip line plays a crucial role in determining the composition of matter under extreme astrophysical conditions. In core-collapse supernovae and neutron-star crusts, matter is driven far from saturation density and nuclear stability; nuclei coexist with a sea of free neutrons, an effect that is present even at zero temperature in neutron-star crusts and becomes more pronounced in the hotter, neutron-rich supernova environment. This makes a careful treatment of drip-line physics essential for a realistic description of the equation of state and composition. In this work, the influence of the nuclear drip line on the baryonic composition of supernova matter is investigated within the framework of nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE). The composition is evaluated in terms of free nucleons, light clusters, and heavy nuclei at finite temperature and global sub-saturation densities. The results indicate that, at low proton fractions and higher densities, the inclusion of nuclei beyond the drip line enhances the formation of extremely neutron-rich light clusters, leading to a significant reduction in the free-neutron density and the charge fraction of heavy nuclei. These findings demonstrate that drip-line physics has a significant impact on the composition of supernova matter and should be carefully incorporated in supernova modeling and nucleosynthesis studies.
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRnucl-ex+1PRC(2026)·0 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE

Best Reaction Target To Determine Proton Distribution Radii of Atomic Nuclei

Probing the Size of Neutron and Proton Single-Particle Orbitals from Nucleon Knockout Reactions

Statistical validation of calorimeter inpainting with generative diffusion priors

Development of a 10 mol% Rubidium-doped CsI Crystal for 87Rb Beta-Spectroscopy and Sterile Neutrino Searches

Rotation modified QCD equation of state across crossover at finite chemical potential

Nuclear Drip Line and the Composition of Supernova Matter

Affiliations

Development of a 10 mol% Rubidium-doped CsI Crystal for $^{87}$ Rb Beta-Spectroscopy and Sterile Neutrino Searches