HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Thu·Aug 20, 2026Thursday·August 20, 2026

28 papers—18 primary·10 cross-listed

01
On the Origins of Varying Gauge Couplings
Carlos Henrique de Lima🇨🇦 · David McKeen🇨🇦 · David E. Morrissey🇨🇦 · Michael Shamma🇨🇦
Variations in the gauge couplings of the Standard Model have been searched for experimentally and proposed as solutions to open questions in fundamental physics. Varying gauge couplings can arise from a dynamical scalar field coupled to the gauge kinetic term. This mechanism has been invoked extensively, assuming a minimal linear coupling of the scalar to the gauge bosons. In this work, we investigate how this operator is generated from the ultraviolet perspective. We argue that in weakly coupled, renormalizable completions in four spacetime dimensions, gauge invariance forces the leading dependence of the effective gauge coupling on the scalar to be logarithmic rather than linear. The gauge coupling evolution in these scenarios can be entirely described by the renormalization-group running with dynamical mass thresholds. Beyond leading order or four dimensions, we provide examples showing that more general behavior is possible. Finally, we discuss the phenomenological implications of dynamically evolving gauge couplings, particularly in early-universe settings.
hep-phhep-thquant-ph0 citations
02
Towards Quantum-Dot Detectors as Barcodes for Dark Matter Interactions
Marek Matas🇨🇿 · Andrea Gallo Rosso🇸🇪 · Antonio Cammarata🇨🇿 · Nora Hoch🇺🇸 · Carlos Blanco🇺🇸 · Jan Conrad🇸🇪 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Tim Linden🇸🇪 · Lindley Winslow🇺🇸
Quantum dots are tunable semiconductor nanocrystals that can be produced at industrial scales. We present the first ab initio calculation of the scattering of dark matter on electrons bound in quantum dots. The momentum-dependence of a quantum dot's electronic response depends on its morphology and on the dark matter mass, interaction operator, mediator coupling, and mediator mass. Therefore, the relative rates across an array of distinct quantum dot targets form a ``barcode'' that carries information about the nature of the dark matter interaction. We project the sensitivity of a detector concept in which a collection of independent target subunits, each loaded with silicon quantum dots of a particular morphology, are read out by Skipper CCDs. Given a future signal, this barcode could discriminate between interaction operators and mediator types. We quantify the discrimination power for a benchmark pair of models as a function of readout noise and exposure.
hep-phastro-ph.COcond-mat.mes-hallhep-ex+10 citations
03
Z'-Mediated Slepton and Sneutrino Signatures at HL-LHC
Kareem Ezzat🇪🇬 · Nidal Chamoun🇸🇾 · Shaaban Khalil🇪🇬
We investigate the discovery potential of a heavy $Z^{'}$ boson as a portal to charged sleptons and right-handed sneutrinos within the $B - L$ Supersymmetric Standard Model (BLSSM) at the High-Luminosity LHC. Using a detector-level simulation and Boosted Decision Trees to suppress Standard Model backgrounds, we find that the direct slepton decay $pp \to Z^{'} \to ℓ ~^{+} ℓ ~^{-} \to 2 ℓ + E_{T}^{miss}$ yields a significance exceeding $5 σ$ at 3000 fb $^{- 1}$ , while the cascade $(\mbox m u l t i l e pt o n s + E_{T}^{miss})$ mode is unobservable due to rate suppression. For right-handed sneutrinos, the hadronic channel $pp \to Z^{'} \to ν ~_{R} ν ~_{I} \to 2 ℓ + 4 j + E T^{miss}$ emerges as the most promising signature. These results establish the $2 ℓ + E_{T}^{miss}$ and $2 ℓ + 4 j + E_{T}^{miss}$ final states as the principal discovery channels for the scalar leptonic sector of the BLSSM at the HL-LHC.
hep-ph0 citations
04
Axion-like particle at the 10 GeV scale: Higgs decays to wide jets and photons
Bogdan A. Dobrescu🇺🇸 · Subhojit Roy🇺🇸
If axion-like particles (ALPs) exist, they may have renormalizable couplings only to the Higgs boson ( $h^{0}$ ) or to fields beyond the Standard Model. An ALP $A_{h}$ lighter than about 60 GeV would allow the $h^{0} \to A_{h} A_{h}$ decay, with a branching fraction determined by the explicit global symmetry breaking responsible for the main contributions to the $A_{h}$ mass ( $M_{A}$ ). New heavy fields that carry color and electric charge, such as squarks, can mediate $A_{h}$ decays at one loop mostly into gluons, but also into photons. Exploring LHC sensitivity to $A_{h}$ , we show that the $h^{0} \to A_{h} A_{h} \to (g g) (γ γ)$ channel leads to a diphoton resonance at $M_{A}$ whose production rate is consistent with a $3.5 σ$ excess reported by a CMS search at $M_{A} \approx 13.6$ GeV. For $M_{A}$ of order 10 GeV, the $h^{0} \to A_{h} A_{h} \to 4 g$ cascade decay leads to two wide jets (each with 2-prong substructure) that form a resonance at 125 GeV.
hep-phhep-ex0 citations
05
Fourier Transforms of Color Glass Condensate Multi-Wilson-Line Correlators via Filon Quadrature
Haowu Duan🇨🇳 · Si-Wei Dai🇨🇳 · Cong Yi🇨🇳 · Wenbin Zhao🇨🇳
Calculating cross sections in the Color Glass Condensate effective theory requires Fourier transforms of multi-Wilson-line correlators from transverse coordinate space to transverse momentum space. Under the common assumption of impact-parameter independence, each transform reduces to a set of Hankel transforms whose Bessel-function kernels oscillate rapidly at phenomenologically relevant momenta, making direct quadrature prohibitively expensive. We present a Filon-type quadrature, applicable to any integrand, that integrates these oscillatory factors in closed form on the stored coordinate grid, reducing each Hankel transform to a precomputed weight vector and the full nested transform chain to a sequence of matrix products. We develop and validate the method on the deep inelastic scattering dijet cross section beyond the correlation-limit approximation, where an exprel-based reformulation of the quadrupole Wilson-line correlator removes a numerical $0/0$ instability inherent to its standard parametrization. Porting the calculation to the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), with custom CUDA kernels that fuse the momentum-space contraction directly into the correlator evaluation, brings the runtime for one dipole input down to about two minutes on a single NVIDIA A800, from several hours on a multi-core Central Processing Unit (CPU). We further generalize the algorithm to three sequential Hankel transforms and validate the resulting six-dimensional transform against an analytic Gaussian integrand family with closed-form results at every stage. This general, process-independent algorithm is directly applicable to next-to-leading-order proton-nucleus and electron-ion scattering cross-section calculations performed without the correlation-limit approximation. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/CCNU-CGC-py/FFT_filon.
hep-phnucl-thphysics.comp-ph1 citation
06
Probing Sub-GeV Dark Matter with the Migdal Effect at JUNO
Stefano Scopel🇰🇷 · Gaurav Tomar🇰🇷
We discuss the sensitivity of the JUNO neutrino detector to the Migdal ionization signal triggered by nuclear scattering events produced by sub-GeV weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Exploiting JUNO's large target mass and the annual modulation effect we find that the aggregate rate from many independent and indistinguishable WIMP events in JUNO's liquid scintillator can be isolated from the total dark rate of the photomultipliers, potentially providing for spin-dependent interactions a world-leading sensitivity across the sub-GeV mass range.
hep-phastro-ph.CO0 citations
07
Implications of $B \to χ_{c 1} π K$ data for an isovector $G$ -odd $D^{*} D ˉ^{*}$ molecular virtual state
Jun-Zhang Wang🇨🇳
Establishing the near-threshold spin-isospin multiplet spectrum of $D^{(*)} D ˉ^{(*)}$ systems is central to testing molecular interpretations of the $X (3872)$ , $Z_{c} (3900)$ , and $Z_{c} (4020)$ . The isovector channels are particularly important in this context, as the associated structures would have a clear exotic character. In this work, we analyze the BaBar and Belle data on $B \to χ_{c 1} π K$ to search for possible isovector $D^{*} D ˉ^{*}$ molecules with $J^{P C} = 0^{++}$ and $2^{++}$ . The three-body decay amplitude includes an effective nonresonant term, intermediate kaon resonances, and $χ_{c 1} π$ -- $D^{*} D ˉ^{*}$ coupled-channel rescattering. For each data set, the $χ_{c 1} π$ and $K π$ invariant-mass distributions are fitted simultaneously under three scenarios: without rescattering and with either $J = 0$ or $J = 2$ rescattering. We then analytically continue the fitted coupled-channel $T$ matrices to search for poles. For the case of $J^{P C} = 0^{++}$ , the BaBar and Belle fits yield virtual poles at $- 2.1 5_{- 6.41}^{+ 2.10}$ MeV and $- 18.4 0_{- 13.70}^{+ 8.58}$ MeV, respectively, relative to the $D^{*} D ˉ^{*}$ threshold. For $J^{P C} = 2^{++}$ , the corresponding virtual poles are located at $- 3.4 2_{- 4.29}^{+ 2.37}$ MeV and $- 4.2 6_{- 1.69}^{+ 1.34}$ MeV, respectively. The tensor virtual-state pole is consistent with a prediction from chiral effective field theory, which also predicts the existence of $W_{c 1}$ , an isospin partner of $X (3872)$ . Since the invariant-mass distributions alone cannot distinguish total spin $J$ , we also predict angular distributions. The $cos θ_{χ_{c 1} π}$ distribution provides a direct spin discriminator, while the $cos θ_{K π}$ distribution further tests the rescattering contribution. The measurements of these predictions would help establish the $D^{(*)} D ˉ^{(*)}$ molecular multiplet spectrum in the future.
hep-ph0 citations
08
Genuine Tripartite Entanglement Selects Gauge-Invariant Theories
Junya Yamagishi🇯🇵
Recent studies have explored whether physical constants and symmetries can be selected by extremizing bipartite entanglement entropy. We extend this approach to a three-particle setting. Specifically, we consider a $2 + 1$ -particle system in which particles $B$ and $C$ are initially entangled, and then particles $A$ and $B$ scatter without the direct participation of particle $C$ for both gluon-gluon and graviton-graviton scatterings. Using angular expansions around the forward and backward scattering limits, we analyze bipartite entanglement in the corresponding two-particle system of $A$ and $B$ and two measures of genuine tripartite entanglement (GTE), the concurrence fill and the generalized geometric measure (GGM), in the three-particle system. As is already known, the bipartite entanglement provides no universal criterion for selecting the symmetry-preserving theory: depending on the initial helicities, it may either maximize or minimize the entanglement entropy. By contrast, we find that the GTE-based analysis uniquely identifies the gauge-invariant and diffeomorphism-invariant theories as those that suppress the GTE in gluon-gluon and graviton-graviton scatterings, respectively. This result suggests a nontrivial connection between tripartite entanglement and the gauge and diffeomorphism symmetries of fundamental interactions.
hep-phhep-thquant-ph1 citation
09
Identifying the origin of the 146-GeV excess at the LHC
P. Uttayarat🇹🇭 · J. Julio🇮🇩 · R. Primulando🇮🇩
The 146-GeV excess in the electron-muon final state reported by the CMS Collaboration offers a tantalizing hint for new physics. There are two competing explanations for the origin of the 146-GeV resonance: production via mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson and leptophilic production through sea electrons and muons inside the proton. In anticipation that such an excess may still persist by the end of LHC Run 3, we propose three related production channels $H γ$ , $H j$ , and $H j j$ , which could be used to distinguish between these two possible scenarios. Taking the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) as an explicit example, we estimate that with $3000 fb^{- 1}$ of the high-luminosity LHC data, the $H γ$ channel can provide a striking discriminating power between the mixing and leptophilic scenarios with a significance of 7.1. Combining it with the other two channels, $H j$ and $H j j$ , the significance can be pushed up to 7.6.
hep-ph0 citations
10
Modelling electroweak interactions at lepton colliders - from the Z pole to the highest energies
Krzysztof Mękała🇩🇪
Despite the Standard Model's ability to describe collider data from all experiments conducted around the world, several questions about the history of the Universe, including the hierarchy problem, the baryon asymmetry, and the dark matter density, remain open. To address these unresolved issues, the particle physics community agrees on the need to construct a next-generation collider that could probe the Standard Model with higher accuracy and potentially reveal deviations from the predictions of this fundamental theory. Future lepton colliders, operating at energies from the Z pole up to the multi-TeV scale, could probe the electroweak sector in various ways. In this thesis, the influence of radiative corrections on the modelling of electroweak processes is investigated.
hep-phhep-ex0 citations
11
Revisiting Quark-Lepton Complementarity in the Precision Neutrino Era
Gazal Sharma🇮🇳 · Gaurav Katoch🇮🇳
We revisit three-generation quark-lepton complementarity in the non-trivial correlation-matrix formulation using the 2026 Particle Data Group quark-mixing inputs and the NuFIT 6.1 oscillation likelihood release. First, we perform a retrospective test of the narrow atmospheric-angle prediction published in 2016. Its central value receives likelihood penalties of 17.99 and 20.43 for normal and inverted ordering, respectively, whereas later ordering-dependent predictions lie close to the current likelihood minima. We then reconstruct a projection-weighted ensemble of the full complex correlation matrix, retaining unrestricted quark-lepton mismatch phases and exact sample-wise unitarity. The first row remains comparatively stable, while the lower two rows account for about 99% of the decade-long mean-texture evolution. The strongest normal-inverted differences occur in the third-row elements, with distribution-overlap coefficients of about 0.41 and 0.42 for the first two entries. Approximately 72% of the present ensemble remains closer to a tribimaximal than to a bimaximal reference texture. The results show that the broad quark-lepton correlation structure is substantially more persistent than the most restrictive atmospheric-angle prediction derived from it.
hep-ph0 citations
12
Multi-scattering processes and spectral properties of low-energy QCD
Konrad Kockler🇩🇪 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪 · Franz R. Sattler🇩🇪 · Ruwen Schulz🇩🇪 · Jonas Wessely🇩🇪
We compute quark and meson spectral functions in low-energy QCD, including all-order scatterings and decays of pions and the scalar $σ$ -mode. For low energies the gluons decouple and the dynamics of two-flavour QCD is well-described by a Quark-Meson model. The computations are performed directly in Minkowski space, using the spectral functional renormalisation group. The full mesonic realtime dynamics is captured with the emergent composite approach which is extended here to realtime processes. The inclusion of all-order scatterings and decays is achieved through the self-consistent treatment of the scattering tails and the momentum-dependent resummation of the four-meson vertex via its Bethe-Salpeter equation. We illustrate the importance of higher-order scatterings using the example of the $π \to 3 π$ scattering threshold - the lowest kinematically accessible channel for the pion.
hep-phhep-th0 citations
13
Localized scalar modes of $O (3)$ critical bubbles: partial-wave continuum mergers and wave-function deformation
Tomohiro Inagaki🇯🇵 · Yuko Murakami🇯🇵
At phase coexistence, a degenerate quartic scalar potential admits an exact planar kink whose normal fluctuation operator is the modified Pöschl--Teller operator, with translational and positive shape states below a continuum beginning at $Λ = 4$ . We continue the two connected spectral bands through finite supercooling in a smooth one-component quartic benchmark and resolve $ℓ = 0, 1, 2$ . The $O (3)$ bounce is obtained by singular collocation, while the radial Euclidean Hessian is analyzed by finite-difference diagonalization and independent threshold shooting. The positive $ℓ = 2$ and $ℓ = 1$ branches reach the common false-vacuum continuum threshold at $δ_{merge, 2} = 0.0900472$ and $δ_{merge, 1} = 0.1410162$ , respectively. At each endpoint, $u_{ℓ} \propto ρ^{- ℓ}$ is square integrable and defines a threshold eigenstate; beyond the endpoint, however, no normalizable eigenstate continuation exists for the corresponding branch. The $ℓ = 0$ shape state remains bound up to the geometric wall crossover. Its planar-mode overlap, radial centroid, and distinct interior and exterior decay lengths reveal asymmetric wave-function deformation. Thus, angular spectral dissolution and the later geometric loss of a true-vacuum-like core are separate phenomena, revealing two distinct finite-supercooling fates of the planar shape mode.
hep-ph0 citations
14
Triangle Feynman diagram in the timelike region
Mikhail A. Ivanov🇷🇺 · Dmitri Melikhov🇷🇺 · Silvano Simula🇮🇹
In Quantum Field Theory, triangle Feynman diagram $F (p_{1}^{2}, p_{2}^{2}, p_{3}^{2} ∣ m_{1}, m_{2}, m_{3})$ is an analytic function of its variables, whose analytic structure is fully determined by the location of singularities of the propagators of particles in the loop. The form factor $F (p_{1}^{2}, p_{2}^{2}, p_{3}^{2} ∣ m_{1}, m_{2}, m_{3})$ is easily calculable in the Euclidean region of all variables, $p_{i}^{2} < 0$ , $i = 1, 2, 3$ . A rigorous way to obtain the form factor in the timelike region is to perform the analytic continuation from the Euclidean region using single or double dispersion representations. On the other hand, there is a simple representation of the triangle as integral over Feynman parameters. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that all known rigorous results of dispersion representations in the regions where some of the variables $p_{i}^{2}$ are in the physical Minkowski region, are reproduced by the Feynman-parameter representation for $F (p_{1}^{2}, p_{2}^{2}, p_{3}^{2} ∣ m_{1}, m_{2}, m_{3})$ by a mere replacement $p_{i}^{2} \to p_{i}^{2} + i 0$ and $m_{i}^{2} \to m_{i}^{2} - i 0$ , where $m_{i}$ are masses of particles propagating in the loop. This simple replacement takes properly into account all subtle contributions given in the context of dispersion representations by the anomalous cuts and thresholds.
hep-ph0 citations
15
Unified spectroscopy of $P$ -wave flavor-sextet heavy baryons from QCD sum rules
Shu-Wei Zhang🇨🇳 · Xuan Luo🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · Hui-Min Yang🇨🇳
We investigate the $P$ -wave flavor-sextet charmed and bottom baryons within heavy quark effective theory. A key motivation is provided by the recent evidence for the $Ξ_{c} (2882)^{0}$ , which completes a sequence of four narrow $Ξ_{c}$ structures together with the $Ξ_{c} (2923)^{0}$ , $Ξ_{c} (2939)^{0}$ , and $Ξ_{c} (2965)^{0}$ . Their characteristic mass-splitting pattern closely parallels that of the $Ω_{c} (3000)^{0}$ , $Ω_{c} (3050)^{0}$ , $Ω_{c} (3066)^{0}$ , and $Ω_{c} (3090)^{0}$ states, providing strong constraints on their spectroscopic assignments. We classify the seven $P$ -wave states in each of the $Σ_{Q}$ , $Ξ_{Q}^{'}$ , and $Ω_{Q}$ sectors ( $Q = c, b$ ), calculate their masses and intra-doublet mass splittings using QCD sum rules, and study their strong decays using light-cone sum rules. Configuration mixing between states with the same quantum numbers is also investigated. The combined analysis favors a common interpretation of the four narrow $Ξ_{c}$ and the four lowest narrow $Ω_{c}$ structures in terms of the corresponding $λ$ -mode excitations. Extending the same framework to the bottom sector, we obtain a coherent picture of the observed $Σ_{b}$ , $Ξ_{b}$ , and $Ω_{b}$ structures. In particular, the $Σ_{b} (6097)$ , $Ξ_{b} (6227)$ , and $Ω_{b} (6350)$ structures may each contain an unresolved pair of nearby $P$ -wave states. We also predict two additional $Σ_{b}$ states, two additional $Ξ_{b}^{'}$ states, and one additional $Ω_{b}$ state, all of which are expected to be relatively narrow and remain to be identified experimentally.
hep-phhep-ex1 citation
16
$Υ (n S)$ Production within Jets at the LHC
Taewook Ha🇨🇳 · Hee Sok Chung🇰🇷 · Daekyoung Kang🇨🇳 · Yunlu Wang🇨🇳 · Haixiang Zhu🇨🇳
Heavy quarkonium production inside jets offers a sensitive probe of QCD dynamics and bound-state formation mechanisms. While recent studies demonstrate that charmonium-in-jet observables effectively discriminate among competing nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) long-distance matrix element (LDME) sets, whether this discriminating power persists in the bottomonium sector remains an open question. Here, we present the first phenomenological study of $Υ (1 S)$ , $Υ (2 S)$ , and $Υ (3 S)$ production inside jets using the fragmenting jet function (FJF) framework at next-to-leading order (NLO), incorporating DGLAP evolution, threshold resummation, and feeddown contributions from higher bottomonium states. In sharp contrast to charmonium, we find that bottomonium-in-jet momentum-fraction ( $z_{H}$ ) distributions exhibit a universal shape that is remarkably insensitive to the choice of LDME sets. We show that this universality stems from the strong dominance of the S-wave spin-triplet color-octet ( $^{3} S_{1}^{[8]}$ ) production mechanism reinforced by $χ_{b}$ feeddown transitions. Our predictions capture both the characteristic large- $z_{H}$ peak and the spectral broadening with increasing jet transverse momentum observed in recent CMS measurements. These results establish a clear physical distinction between charmonium and bottomonium fragmentation inside jets, providing a theoretical benchmark for future high-precision measurements at the LHC.
hep-phhep-exnucl-th0 citations
17
Three-body forces in the quark model
Jongheon Baek🇰🇷 · Aaron Park🇰🇷 · Emiko Hiyama🇯🇵 · Sungsik Noh🇰🇷 · Hyeongock Yun🇰🇷 · Kyong Chol Han🇺🇸 · Su Houng Lee🇰🇷
We review the connection between constituent-quark Hamiltonians and QCD and investigate the long-standing difficulty of describing meson and baryon spectra with one common two-body interaction. A Hamiltonian calibrated to ground-state mesons leaves systematic baryon mass residuals, largest in the light-quark sector and decreasing toward heavier flavors. We show that a short-range, color-spin-dependent connected three-quark interaction substantially reduces this incompatibility. Mass-scaled finite-range profiles yield high-accuracy baryon spectra, whereas flavor-independent common-range profiles do not remove the residual flavor pattern. The result is tested on additional ground-state baryons outside the calibration set and through meson--baryon compatibility analyses across several alternative quark-model Hamiltonians. We also benchmark radial and orbital excitations to identify the regime in which a static compact valence Hamiltonian remains reliable, and provide explicit color-spin matrix elements for two- and three-body operators in baryons and multiquark configurations. Within the tested valence-space representations, the results indicate that a mass-dependent short-range connected three-quark interaction provides the missing contribution required for a consistent simultaneous description of meson and baryon ground-state spectra.
hep-phnucl-th0 citations
18
Quantum Magic in High Energy Collision
Ying-Ying Li🇨🇳 · Ian Low🇺🇸 · Yi-Lin Wang🇨🇳 · Zhewei Yin🇺🇸
Quantum magic, or nonstabilizerness, is a quantum resource associated with computational advantage in quantum systems. In high energy collisions, Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is inefficient at generating magic while the weak mixing angle, a fundamental constant of nature, sits near a value that minimizes magic production in charged-lepton scattering. These observations were made in the laboratory (lab) basis, in which spin is projected along the incoming beam axis. An alternative choice is the helicity basis, in which spin is projected along the direction of motion of each particle. The transformation between these two bases is, in general, not a Clifford operation and therefore can change the amount of magic. We present a detailed study of magic production in both bases for QED and electroweak processes, and compare these results with the basis-invariant non-local magic. In the ultra-relativistic limit, magic production is generally smaller in the helicity basis due to helicity selection rules, while the lab basis generally yields less magic in the non-relativistic regime. We provide circuit realizations of the ultra-relativistic Bhabha amplitudes using linear combinations of unitaries and show that the lab basis construction contains a larger $T$ -gate count at generic scattering angles. Interestingly, in both bases the physical weak mixing angle lies close to the value that minimizes magic production.
hep-phnucl-thquant-ph0 citations
19
Heating Up the Black Hole X-ray Binary Accretion Disk by Superradiance
Antonios Kyriazis🇺🇸 · Fengwei Yang🇺🇸 · Siyu Zhou🇺🇸
A superradiant cloud of ultralight axions around a black hole, that is part of an X-ray binary system, can heat up its accretion disk and be detected by the thermal X-ray spectrum emitted by the disk. We consider a derivative coupling of the axions to the plasma fermions and calculate the emissivity of the inverse bremsstrahlung process that results in a temperature fluctuation of the disk. Based on the thin-disk model and the multicolor disk model, we derive the thermal spectrum with axion heating, which shows an enhanced thermal photon flux and a red-/blue- shifted peak spectral frequency. A single bump hunting search of the axion heating signature in the thermal spectrum of a $10 M_{⊙}$ black hole X-ray binary with a spectral measurement sensitivity of 10\% (1\%) can derive the constraint on axion-electron coupling $∣ g_{a e} ∣ ≳ 7.5 \times 1 0^{- 12} (2.4 \times 1 0^{- 12})$ for axion mass $m_{a} = 5.2 \times 1 0^{- 12}$ eV in a saturated $∣211 ⟩$ state, and $∣ g_{a e} ∣ ≳ 4.5 \times 1 0^{- 12} (1.4 \times 1 0^{- 12})$ for axion mass $m_{a} = 1.0 \times 1 0^{- 11}$ eV in a saturated $∣322 ⟩$ state. The projected sensitivities are competitive with those from XENONnT. A detailed continuum fitting can further improve the detectability and provide a complementary bound to the black hole spin-down measurement.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-ph0 citations
20
Nonrelativistic Conformal Collider Physics of Multiparticle Point Production
Cyuan-Han Chang🇺🇸 · Subham Dutta Chowdhury🇮🇹 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Dam Thanh Son🇺🇸
We define detector operators in the nonrelativistic conformal field theory describing fermions at unitarity. We reduce the problem of computing the momentum distribution and correlation between final particles produced by a local source ("point-produced") to the computation of correlation functions involving the detector operators. The general formalism is applied to the point production of three unitary fermions, where we find the momentum and angular distribution of final particles. We discuss a nonrelativistic version of celestial holography, which maps the asymptotic out-state to a quantum wave function in the so-called "oscillator frame."
↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-th0 citations
21
A generating functional for infrared-safe QED amplitudes
Martin Ammon🇩🇪 · Konrad Brandts🇩🇪 · Federico Capone🇩🇪 · Jakob Hollweck🇩🇪
We construct a generating functional for infrared-finite scattering amplitudes in massive quantum electrodynamics (QED) by including Faddeev-Kulish dressings in a holomorphic coherent-state representation, in the spirit of the construction of Aref'eva-Faddeev-Slavnov (AFS) for the undressed Dyson S-matrix. At tree level, the dressed generating functional reduces to an AFS path integral with dressed boundary conditions.
↳ hep-thhep-ph0 citations
22
Transferable Fast Calorimeter Shower Generation via Multi-Geometry Pre-training
Thorsten Buss🇩🇪 · Henry Day-Hall🇩🇪 · Frank Gaede🇩🇪 · Gregor Kasieczka🇩🇪 · Katja Krüger🇩🇪 · Peter McKeown🇨🇭 · Lorenzo Valente🇩🇪
Detailed Geant4 simulation of calorimeter showers dominates the computing budget of high-energy physics experiments. Deep generative surrogates reduce this cost, but they have remained tied to the detector they were trained on, so each new geometry needs a large in-domain dataset. We study whether a single point cloud shower generator can be pre-trained on multiple detectors and transferred to unseen calorimeters. The pre-training geometries come from synthetic geometric variation rather than real-detector data. We introduce SimpleBox, a family of $1 0^{4}$ box calorimeters spanning the plane of sampling fraction and longitudinal segmentation, and benchmark it against pre-training on realistic detectors. On a calorimeter unseen in pre-training, with $1 0^{3}$ target showers for fine-tuning, the two priors reduce the aggregated sliced Wasserstein distance to Geant4 by factors of 5.2 (synthetic) and 8.0 (realistic) relative to training from scratch. At larger target sizes the synthetic prior performs better than the realistic one. Geometric diversity alone is therefore a practical way to pre-train a transferable shower generator.
↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-ph0 citations
23
CosmoPyro: Gradients for Gravitational-Wave Cosmology
Konstantin Leyde🇺🇸 · Elena Colangeli🇬🇧
Gravitational-wave (GW) observations of stellar-mass compact binary coalescences directly measure the source luminosity distance. Combined with the source redshift, these measurements constrain the current expansion rate of the Universe, the Hubble constant, $H_{0}$ , or $h = H_{0} / [100 km s^{- 1} Mp c^{- 1}]$ . For most GW signals no electromagnetic redshift measurement is expected, but the GW signal itself depends on the redshifted (detector-frame) masses. Assuming a source-frame mass distribution therefore enables a redshift estimate for each source. Combining the redshift estimates with the distance measurements provides a weak constraint on $H_{0}$ for each individual source that tightens with the number of sources in the catalog. However, the shape of the source-frame mass distribution is not known a priori, and previous work has relied on parametric models (piecewise power-laws with Gaussian components), and one-dimensional Gaussian processes. Here, we introduce CosmoPyro, a fully differentiable hierarchical Bayesian inference code that models the mass distribution using either one- or two-dimensional Gaussian processes. With the latest GW transient catalog (GWTC-5) we find $h = 0.6 6_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.17}$ and $h = 0.5 7_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.20}$ (median with $1 σ$ uncertainty), for the one- and two-dimensional case, respectively. Despite the noticeably different inferred mass distributions, both models yield $H_{0}$ values consistent with the latest LVK measurements within $1 σ$ . While our main results marginalize over the Gaussian-process power-spectrum hyperparameters, the measurement is also robust against fixing these hyperparameters over a range comparable to their measured uncertainty.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph1 citation
24
A Rotor-Dressed Semiton State in a Monopole--Fermion Model
Yuta Hamada🇯🇵
In four-flavor massless QED with a magnetic monopole, a single incident fermion is scattered into a state carrying a half-integral current vector in each flavor channel, called the semiton. Recently, the semiton has been interpreted as a twisted-sector fermion, but its microscopic Hilbert-space representation has not been fully developed. In this Letter, using a bosonized fermion--rotor model, we construct the semiton state explicitly. This is achieved by first identifying the correct vacuum of the system, and then constructing a unitary operator that shifts the rotor and creates a particle-hole cloud in each flavor channel. The semiton state is obtained by applying this operator to an ordinary fermion state. The resulting state has a localized fermion flavor density in the core region and a half-integral semiton front at the wavepacket. We also show that the state carries the correct $U (1)_{M}$ charge expectation values and energy-density profile. Our result provides a concrete Hilbert-space realization of the varying-Fock-space interpretation of monopole--fermion scattering, advocated in previous works by the author and collaborators.
↳ hep-thhep-ph0 citations
25
Comparative study of nonperturbative electron-positron pair production by intense laser fields colliding with either bremsstrahlung $γ$ -rays or relativistic ions
S. Remme🇩🇪 · A. B. Voitkiv🇩🇪 · S. Villalba-Chávez🇩🇪 · C. Müller🇩🇪
It is well known that electron-positron pairs can be created in the strong-field environments formed by (i) a high-intensity laser field and a high-energy $γ$ -photon (nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process) or (ii) a high-intensity laser field and a nuclear Coulomb field (nonlinear Bethe-Heitler process). Both of these processes are particularly interesting in the interaction regime where the laser field enters nonperturbatively. Various experimental collaborations are currently aiming at detecting for the first time the nonperturbative Breit-Wheeler process, by exploiting high-intensity laser pulses and $γ$ -ray sources based on bremsstrahlung. In contrast, an experimental observation of the nonlinear, nonperturbative Bethe-Heitler process still lies further ahead in the future because its technical realization appears at present more challenging. Our comparative study shows, however, that the physical properties of the total rates for the processes (i) and (ii) can become remarkably similar when the parameters for the bremsstrahlung-driven nonperturbative Breit-Wheeler process are properly chosen. In this sense, the upcoming experiments on the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process could also be used to closely ``simulate'' the currently hard to observe nonlinear Bethe-Heitler process.
↳ physics.atom-phhep-ph0 citations
26
Symmetries of QCD and their relevance for low-energy nuclear physics
Matthias R. Schindler🇺🇸
QCD, the theory of the strong interactions, is formulated in terms of quarks and gluons, while low-energy nuclear physics deals with hadrons such as protons, neutrons, and pions. Symmetries establish a systematic connection between these two descriptions of strongly-interacting systems. The objective of this article is to review the symmetries of QCD and to explain how they constrain hadronic interactions. Chiral symmetry, which emerges in QCD in the limit of massless quarks, is of particular importance for low-energy nuclear physics. Together with its explicit and spontaneous breaking, chiral symmetry provides the basis for chiral perturbation theory, the effective field theory describing pions and nucleons at low energies.
↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
27
Quantifying uncertainty in the neutron-star equation of state using point estimates and posterior distributions
André Gonçalves da Silva🇧🇷 · Ricardo Luciano Sonego Farias🇧🇷
We investigate uncertainty quantification for the neutron-star equation of state (EOS) by comparing point-estimation and distributional inference approaches using the same Chebyshev and piecewise-linear parameterizations. We combine neutron-star mass--radius and gravitational-wave tidal-deformability information within Bayesian, multilayer-perceptron (MLP), and normalizing-flow frameworks. Although the methods yield similar mean EOS behavior, the deterministic MLP produces substantially narrower uncertainty bands at high densities. We show that this behavior is associated with the point-estimation objective, which maps degenerate solutions toward the conditional mean rather than representing the full parameter posterior. By contrast, the normalizing flow yields distributions more consistent with the Bayesian inference. Our results demonstrate that reliable uncertainty quantification of the high-density EOS requires methods that represent conditional probability distributions rather than only point estimates.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thnucl-th0 citations
28
Dipolar power asymmetry in wide-angle correlations of galaxy density, velocity and ellipticity
Yusuke Mikura🇯🇵 · Teppei Okumura🇹🇼 · Ippei Obata🇯🇵 · Maresuke Shiraishi🇯🇵
The large-scale structure of the universe has the potential to probe anomalies suggested by observations of the cosmic microwave background. In this work, we focus on a position-dependent dipolar modulation of the primordial power spectrum and develop a full-sky formalism for computing correlation functions of galaxy density, velocity and ellipticity. By comparing the correlation functions obtained with and without the plane-parallel approximation, we show that wide-angle corrections become non-negligible for opening angles $Θ ≳ 3 0^{\circ}$ . Our results demonstrate that wide-angle corrections must be taken into account when testing the dipolar modulation with future large-scale structure surveys.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph0 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE