HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Thu·Jun 18, 2026Thursday·June 18, 2026

30 papers—16 primary·14 cross-listed

01
Weak corrections to Minimal Dark Matter annihilations
Dario Buttazzo🇮🇹 · Mateusz Duch🇮🇹 · Pier Paolo Giardino🇪🇸 · Alessandro Strumia🇮🇹
We compute the one-loop weak corrections to the annihilation cross sections of fermionic Minimal Dark Matter multiplets. Infrared divergences cancel in the dominant $s$ -wave combination relevant for the thermal relic abundance. Instead, infrared-enhanced corrections affect velocity-suppressed rates, through a Sudakov/Sommerfeld interplay. The corrections grow with the multiplet size and are at the $5%$ level in the most motivated cases: the Higgsino-like doublet, the wino-like triplet, the stable quintuplet.
hep-phastro-ph.CO0 citations
02
Standard Candles for Supernova Neutrino Detection at DUNE
Ting Cheng🇺🇸 · Matheus Hostert🇺🇸 · Pedro A. N. Machado🇺🇸 · Nityasa Mishra🇺🇸 · Adrian Thompson🇺🇸
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) far detector is sensitive to $O (10)$ MeV electron neutrinos through $ν_{e}$ charged-current reaction with argon. This capability is a unique window into the $ν_{e}$ component of a Galactic core-collapse supernova flux. Extracting the properties of the supernova spectrum is, however, limited by the poorly-known $ν_{e}$ -Ar cross section. We propose a data-driven strategy that leverages $^{8}$ B solar neutrinos and muon-decay-at-rest neutrinos as standard candles for this process. These calibration samples constrain both the low-energy and high-energy components of the cross section relevant for supernova detection. Our method reduces the reliance on nuclear models, which can bias the extraction of the spectral parameters by as much as 300 $%$ .
hep-phhep-ex0 citations
03
Self-Calibration of the Neutrino-Argon Cross Section with Solar Neutrinos
Rasmi Hajjar🇺🇸 · Obada Nairat🇺🇸 · John F. Beacom🇺🇸
The success of DUNE's MeV physics program depends upon high-precision knowledge of the charged-current (CC) $ν_{e} +^{40} Ar$ cross section. While there are indirect constraints at the 10% level for the nuclear transitions that constitute this cross section, the only direct measurement in the MeV range has an uncertainty of $\sim$ 50%. We show, surprisingly, that the cross section can be precisely measured using the solar-neutrino data themselves. This is possible because of independent knowledge of the $^{8}$ B flux and survival probability, plus the distinctive angular distributions of the Fermi and Gamow-Teller transitions that comprise the cross section. We propose new methods to extract the transition strengths, considering both intuitive groupings and a Principal Component Analysis. Under pessimistic assumptions about detection, but taking detector uncertainties to be controlled, we demonstrate that a precision of $≲$ 2% on the cross section can be achieved in the 9-15 MeV energy range. These results will be an important foundation for studying the cross section up to several tens of MeV, where the complexity increases significantly due to nuclear breakup channels but where reducing uncertainties is critical for supernova and atmospheric neutrino studies.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th0 citations
04
The Landscape of Composite Higgs Models
Daniel Murnane🇦🇺
While the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics contains the most precise set of predictions ever devised by humanity, that precision comes at a cost. The strange nature of the Higgs particle requires its parameters to be tuned so precisely that if the SM is indeed the true description of reality, one is forced to wonder how such a miracle as galactic structure and life could occur. Instead, we search in this work for a natural explanation. The concept of naturalness is comprehensively explored, and a new tuning measure proposed, with an aim to place it on well-defined Bayesian footing. We then turn this measure on to the analysis of a class of intriguing new physics - Composite Higgs models. These effective models are the result of a plethora of underlying theories, and they allow the production of a naturally light Higgs particle, appearing as the SM Higgs at low energy. We establish the background required to appreciate the N-site 4D Composite Higgs model, and subsequently focus on the simplest incarnations of this class. A global fit is performed on the Minimal 4D Composite Higgs model (M4DCHM), with strong exclusion bounds placed on collider search channels. We analyse any improvement in tuning that could be gained from several extensions to this model. The Leptonic M4DCHM is explored, with a composite tau lepton embedded in various representations. The possibility of a dark matter candidate existing in the Next-to-Minimal 4DCHM is considered. Ultimately, we are able to define what, if any, benefit to naturalness can come to the Composite Higgs sector by introducing these extensions.
hep-phhep-exhep-th0 citations
05
Stress testing of fast reconstruction pipelines using machine learning
Swagata Ghosh🇮🇳
The fast reconstruction and detector-simulation pipelines are widely used in different scientific domains, such as, in High Energy Physics (HEP) and medical imaging, where the full experimental or the device-level simulation is computationally challenging. Instead of the use of the global data context, these pipelines use simplified response models which assume reconstruction uncertainty relies on local input parameters. To probe the robustness of the local assumption, a domain-agnostic context-aware stress testing pipeline is introduced, and a reconstruction response depending on the global parameters is also allowed. For an instance in HEP at High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) simulation, this work shows that the decay channel $Z \to ℓℓ$ , as a benchmark, violates the local assumption resulting in a significant reconstruction bias and resolution degradation. Using the unsupervised regime-mapping framework, this work also restores this peak stability and recovers the truth-level resolution, where a robust diagnostic tool for next-generation fast simulation pipelines is accommodated.
hep-ph0 citations
06
$π^{0}$ - $γ$ mixing in the presence of a strong magnetic field
D. Gomez Dumm🇦🇷 · S. Noguera🇪🇸 · N.N. Scoccola🇦🇷
We analyze the mixing between the $π^{0}$ meson and the photon in the presence of a strong uniform magnetic field, in the context of a two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is shown that only one specific photon polarization state can get mixed with the $π^{0}$ state, a fact that can be understood on general grounds. For magnetic fields with values up to 1 GeV $^{2}$ /e, it is found that the effect of the mixing on the pion mass and pion-quark couplings is relatively small (below a level of 15%), which is at variance with previous results reported in the literature.
hep-ph0 citations
07
Semi-leptonic decays $B \to D^{(*)} (1 S, 2 S) ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ within the covariant light-front approach
Zhi-Jie Sun🇮🇷 · Zhi-Qing Zhang🇨🇳 · Shi-Chen Xue🇨🇳 · Feng-Zhou Wang🇮🇷
We present a systematic analysis of the semi-leptonic decays $B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)} (1 S, 2 S) ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ and $B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)}^{*} (1 S, 2 S) ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ with $ℓ = e, μ, τ$ within the covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM). Using the form factors of the transitions $B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)} (1 S, 2 S)$ and $B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)}^{*} (1 S, 2 S)$ , we calculate the branching ratios of the relevant semi-leptonic decays and find that $B r (B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)} ℓ^{'} ν_{ℓ^{'}})$ and $B r (B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)}^{*} ℓ^{'} ν_{ℓ^{'}})$ with $ℓ^{'} = e, μ$ are agree well with the data, while $B r (B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)} τ ν_{τ})$ and $B r (B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)}^{*} τ ν_{τ})$ are systematically smaller than the experimental measurements. This naturally gives rise to the so-called $R (D)$ and $R (D^{*})$ anomalies. Our predictions $R (D) = 0.261 \pm 0.013$ and $R (D^{*}) = 0.228 \pm 0.026$ show $3.1 σ$ and $2.1 σ$ deviations from the current experimental world averages compiled by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFLAV), respectively, yet only deviate by $0.16 σ$ and $1.5 σ$ from the latest LHCb measurements. For the decays $B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)} (2 S) ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ and $B_{(s)} \to D_{(s)}^{*} (2 S) ℓ ν_{ℓ}$ , their branching ratios lie in the range $1 0^{- 4} \sim 1 0^{- 3}$ , which are much larger than the results from the Bethe Salpeter (BS) equation , but agree with the relativistic quark model (RQM) calculations. Furthermore, we also calculate the forward-backward asymmetries $A_{F B}$ and longitudinal polarization fractions $f_{L}$ for the corresponding decays. Our predictions are consistent with most other theoretical results and experimental data
hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·0 citations
08
Analysis of $J / ψ$ and $ψ (2 S)$ Charmonium Production in Ultraperipheral Lead-Lead and Proton-Lead Collisions at LHC Energies
Zhe Wang🇨🇳 · Jiyuan Zhang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Yun Wang🇨🇳
The two gluon exchange model serves as a key framework for describing the photoproduction of heavy vector mesons, and the photoproduction cross sections derived from it provide essential input for studies of Ultra-Peripheral Collisions (UPCs). Building on the model successful description of $J / ψ$ and $ψ (2 S)$ photoproduction in previous work, we use the STARlight program to systematically investigate charmonium UPCs in PbPb and $p$ Pb collisions at LHC energies. To reduce discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental data for rapidity and transverse momentum distributions in PbPb collisions, a phenomenological suppression factor is introduced to correct the theoretical results. We find that, in the TeV energy range, the corrected predictions agree well with experimental data within uncertainties and successfully reproduce the characteristic double-peak structure in rapidity distributions. In contrast, no significant suppression is observed in $p$ Pb UPCs, which reflects the asymmetric photon fluxes and the dominant contribution from the photoproduction interaction branch. The transverse momentum distributions from STARlight simulations also match the diffractive pattern of coherent production seen experimentally, although the overall yield remains slightly overpredicted. This work further validates the applicability of photoproduction cross sections from the two gluon exchange model for charmonium UPC studies, and offers valuable phenomenological guidance for future experimental design and data analysis in UPC measurements of charmonium production.
hep-phEPJC(2026)·1 citation
09
Semi-invisible Hyperon Decays in the Effective Lagrangian Approach
Lai Jiang🇨🇳 · Ye Xing🇨🇳 · Yu Zhou🇨🇳 · Xiao-hui Hu🇨🇳
We systematically investigate the semi-invisible decays of hyperons (hyperon $\to π (/ γ) +$ invisible( $ψ$ )) in the Mesogenesis mechanism by the effective Lagrangian approach. The one-loop hadronic contribution of triangle diagrams with final-state interactions is fully examined in the present work. Our analysis indicates that the triangle diagram yield sizable corrections to the branching ratio that are as significant as those from tree diagrams. Especially for the $Σ^{-} \to π^{-} ψ$ and $Ξ^{0} \to π^{0} ψ$ , their loop contributions cannot be ignored. Consequently, the branching ratios of hyperon hadronic semi-invisible decays are found to be of order $1 0^{- 5}$ , particularly for $Σ^{+} \to π^{+} ψ$ , $Ξ^{0} \to π^{0} ψ$ , and $Ξ^{-} \to π^{-} ψ$ , whereas those of radiative semi-invisible decays are less than $1 0^{- 7}$ .
hep-phEPJC(2026)·0 citations
10
Transient Bias for CP Domain Wall Decay and Dark Matter
Sally Yuxuan Hao🇨🇳 · Fangchao Liu🇨🇳 · Shota Nakagawa🇨🇳 · Yuichiro Nakai🇨🇳
Spontaneous CP violation (SCPV) provides an attractive solution to the strong CP problem. However, SCPV after inflation suffers from the formation of CP domain walls, requiring the maximal temperature of the Universe to lie below the CP-breaking scale. In the present work, we then propose a dynamical mechanism that removes this cosmological constraint without introducing permanent explicit CPV. We consider a new scalar field that acquires a large field value with a nontrivial phase in the early Universe and induces a transient bias among degenerate CP vacua through a higher-dimensional interaction with a CP-breaking scalar field. This bias triggers the decay of CP domain walls after they form. As the new scalar field evolves toward the origin, the bias disappears, leaving the low-energy CP structure intact. We derive the conditions for successful domain wall decay and identify the viable parameter space. Furthermore, we point out that the coherent oscillation of the new scalar field naturally survives as dark matter, linking the resolution of the CP domain wall problem to the origin of dark matter.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th0 citations
11
Polarization analysis of $χ_{c J}$ decay into octet baryonic pairs
Cai-Ying Pang🇨🇳 · Rong-Gang Ping🇨🇳 · Dai-Hui Wei🇨🇳
This work presents a comprehensive analysis of polarization transfer in the decays $\chi_{cJ}$ ($J=0,1,2$) to octet baryon-antibaryon pairs within a polarized electron-positron collision environment. Using the spin density matrix formalism, we trace the polarization from the initial beams through the production chain $e^+e^- \to \psi(2S) \to \gamma \chi_{cJ}$ to the final-state baryon-antibaryon system. The helicity amplitude analysis for $\chi_{c1} \to B\bar{B}$ confirms the universal angular distribution parameter $\alpha = -1/3$, as dictated by the charge-conjugation helicity selection rule. For $\chi_{c2}$ decays, $\alpha$ and the transverse polarization depend on two independent amplitudes, and our quark-model calculations agree with existing data. We demonstrate that the longitudinal beam polarization $P_z$ modifies the spin observables for $\chi_{c1}$ and $\chi_{c2}$, offering new experimental handles at future polarized facilities like the Super $\tau$-Charm Facility(STCF) to test decay mechanisms and explore baryonic spin entanglement as a quantum information resource.
hep-phhep-ex0 citations
12
Diffractive Production of Heavy Quarkonia at the Electron Ion Collider
Mohammad Yousuf Jamal🇨🇳 · Ajaharul Islam🇨🇳 · Aritra Bandyopadhyay🇵🇱 · Santosh K. Das🇮🇳
We study diffractive photo- and electroproduction of the $S$ -wave heavy quarkonia $J / ψ$ , $ψ (2 S)$ , and $Υ (n S)$ at energies relevant for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The production amplitude is evaluated while retaining the full transverse-momentum ( $ℓ_{t}$ ) dependence of the hard two-gluon kernel, that is, without expanding the impact-parameter Bessel kernel as is done in the small-size color-dipole limit. The quarkonia light-cone wave functions are built from Cornell-potential solutions of the Schrödinger equation, normalized to the measured leptonic widths, and combined with a modern collinear gluon distribution. After benchmarking the framework against the full set of HERA charmonium cross-section ratio data, we provide a consistent set of bottomonium cross-section ratio predictions in EIC kinematics. We find that the full $ℓ_{t}$ -resolved treatment systematically improves the description of the radially excited states relative to the leading dipole limit, and we identify the kinematic windows where this difference is largest.
hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2026)·0 citations
13
Radiative decay of fully-heavy tetraquark into quarkonium
Hao Yang🇨🇳 · Songlin Lyu🇮🇹 · Bingwei Long🇨🇳
We present a comprehensive study of the radiative decays of fully heavy tetraquarks ( $T_{4 c}$ , $T_{4 b}$ ) and mixed heavy-flavor tetraquarks ( $T_{b c b ˉ c ˉ}$ ) into charmonium/bottomonium states, within the nonrelativistic QCD factorization framework. Numerical result indicates that the decay widths of fully charm tetraquark $T_{4 c}$ into $γ J / ψ (η_{c})$ are around 1 MeV. Crucially, the $γ J / ψ$ signal channel receives less experimental background near the $J / ψ J / ψ$ threshold, providing a compelling way to search for the possible tetraquark states X(6200). For $T_{4 b}$ , the decay width is highly suppressed by the bottom quark mass, just lying in tens eV level. We further find that the decay widths of $T_{b c b ˉ c ˉ} \to γ Υ$ exceed those to $γ J / ψ$ by 3-4 orders of magnitude, indicating preferential $c c ˉ$ -pair annihilation over $b b ˉ$ . These radiative decay modes can be measured in the future experiments, and are helpful to understand the inner structure of the full heavy tetraquark.
hep-ph1 citation
14
Three-body unitary determination of the $f_{1} (1285)$ and $f_{1} (1420)$ pole positions
Tao-Ran Hu🇨🇳 · Hai-Long Fu🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪 · Xu Zhang🇨🇳
We study the $I^{G} (J^{P C}) = 0^{+} (1^{++})$ $K K ˉ π$ system in an infinite-volume three-body unitary framework, focusing on the pole content of the region of the $f_{1} (1285)$ and $f_{1} (1420)$ resonances. The coupled $π a_{0}$ - $K K ˉ^{*}$ amplitude is constructed in the spectator-isobar representation, where the one-particle-exchange interaction required by three-body unitarity automatically incorporates the triangle-singularity mechanism. The short-range three-body interaction is constrained by fitting the $0^{+} (1^{++})$ component of the BESIII $K_{S}^{0} K_{S}^{0} π^{0}$ invariant-mass distribution in the $J / ψ \to γ (K_{S}^{0} K_{S}^{0} π^{0})$ decay. Analytically continuing the fitted amplitude to the relevant unphysical Riemann sheets, we find two robust poles: \begin{align} \sqrt{s_{f_1(1285)}}&= \left(1277\pm2\pm1\right) -i\left(12\pm1\pm0\right)\text{MeV}\,,\notag\\ \sqrt{s_{f_1(1420)}}&= \left(1435\pm2\pm7\right) -i\left(40\pm2\pm1\right)\text{MeV}\,.\notag \end{align} The pole trajectories indicate that the $f_{1} (1285)$ originates from dressing a bare state introduced in the potential. In contrast, the $f_{1} (1420)$ is predominantly dynamically generated, and a single-channel analysis traces it to an $S$ -wave $K K ˉ^{*}$ quasi-bound state mixed with the nearby bare state, supporting its hadronic-molecule interpretation. We also find an additional pole deeper in the complex plane in the best-fit amplitude on the same Riemann sheet as the $f_{1} (1285)$ . This additional pole is generated by the $P$ -wave $π a_{0}$ contact interaction alone. It has a sizable cutoff and two-body-input dependence, and leaves little visible imprint on the physical lineshape. Finally, we provide a detailed and pedagogical appendix on how three-body cuts affect the solution of the integral equation.
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-th0 citations
15
Renormalization of the SMEFT to Dimension Eight: Fermionic Interactions II
Supratim Das Bakshi🇺🇸 · Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Zhe Ren🇪🇸
We compute the one-loop mixing of bosonic and two-fermion interactions into two-fermion operators in the dimension-eight Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Together with the results in arXiv:2106.05291, arXiv:2205.03301, arXiv:2409.15408, and arXiv:2512.21724, this leaves only the mixing of four-fermion operators into two-fermion ones as the remaining piece to complete the SMEFT renormalization program at this order.
hep-ph2 citations
16
The $Z^{'}$ -boson of the $B - L$ Supersymmetric Standard Model and its Large Hadron Collider Searches
Waleed Abdallah🇪🇬 · AseshKrishna Datta🇮🇳 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧
We discuss how the $Z^{'}$ -boson of the $B - L$ Supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (BLSSM) could evade the current lower bound of around 5 TeV on the mass of such a resonance (of sequential nature) from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by a significant margin. This happens when the experimental sensitivities are critically impaired as the $Z^{'}$ -boson becomes `fat' or develops some leptophobia or possesses an optimally large decay Branching Ratio (BR) to BLSSM-specific states (including the SUSY ones) or when some or all of these are at play simultaneously. We describe how such a $Z^{'}$ -boson could acquire there features while still respecting the non-negotiable precision constraints from the LEP and the SLC experiments running at the $Z$ -pole as well as those from the multi-purpose experiments at the LHC that search for such a resonance. We explore the interplay of the aforementioned phenomena and identify the regions of the BLSSM parameter space that give rise to the described situation by carrying out a thorough scan of it. We find that $M_{Z^{'}}$ masses as low as 2.24 TeV may still be allowed in the BLSSM under favorable circumstances.
hep-phhep-ex0 citations
17
Projecting the ultimate pulsar timing sensitivity to dark matter substructure in a stochastic gravitational wave background
Joshua W. Foster🇺🇸 · Tanner Trickle🇺🇸 · Fabrizio Vassallo🇺🇸
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to the gravitational influence of passing compact substructures, which can produce Doppler timing delays by accelerating pulsars or the Solar System barycenter, and Shapiro timing delays when passing near Earth--pulsar lines of sight. Projections for the complete PTA sensitivity to compact dark matter (DM) substructures, such as primordial black holes and axion miniclusters, are challenging due to the variety of signal types ranging from rare, nearly static encounters, to dynamic flybys, to the stochastic limit of many substructures. We address this challenge with a framework that combines Monte Carlo signal modeling and machine-learned surrogate likelihoods, enabling a unified likelihood-level analysis of signals previously treated only in simplified limiting regimes. We then use this framework to precisely assess the impact of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), for which evidence was recently found, on the PTA sensitivity to compact DM substructures. The SGWB substantially weakens the sensitivity, and we find that in even the most optimistic observing scenario only a Shapiro search retains sensitivity to subdominant DM components when assuming SGWB parameters inferred from current measurements.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph2 citations
18
Meromorphic amplitudes from 3-dimensional supersymmetry
Federico Ambrosino🇨🇦 · Nathan Haouzi🇨🇦
We establish a new connection between supersymmetric theories and scattering amplitudes. We show that the Coon amplitude coincides with the 3d $N = 2$ half-index of the XYZ model with nontrivial boundary conditions. Our 3d theory, intrinsically defined in the UV, flows to a sigma model in the IR whose partition function is the Veneziano amplitude. Crossing symmetry is realized as a consequence of 3d $N = 2$ mirror symmetry between XYZ and SQED. We use this correspondence to construct a meromorphic modification of the Coon amplitude by promoting the long-standing dressing factor $q^{S T}$ responsible for a branch cut to an elliptic completion thereof. This illustrates that one does not have to give up single-valuedness to achieve positivity at the physical poles.
↳ hep-thhep-phmath.QA1 citation
19
Ghosts versus Unstable Particles in Quantum Field Theory
Luca Buoninfante🇳🇱
We elucidate the physical nature of ghosts above the multi-particle threshold by contrasting them with unstable particles in quantum field theory. We first consider the asymptotic formulation, where ordinary positive-norm one-particle states can be unstable and decay, whereas ghosts survive asymptotically without decaying, yet admit no particle interpretation due to interference with the multi-particle component which masks the negative-norm one-particle state. This distinction originates from two different analytic structures of the dressed propagator, whose complex conjugate poles lie in the first or second Riemann sheet in the ghost or ordinary case, respectively. Ghost resonances are, in principle, phenomenologically distinguishable from ordinary ones, being narrower and exhibiting weaker interference between positive- and negative-energy peaks. We then formulate the quantum field theory in a finite interval of time and, working within a suitable approximation for the dressed propagator, find that finite-time effects amplify differences in the resonant behavior and give rise to new features, such as higher peaks in ghost resonances. Distinct temporal regimes are also identified: for times shorter than the inverse width, an approximate free-particle description is valid, whereas at later times interactions and interference effects dominate, leading to decay or multi-particle masking. Complex poles in the dressed propagator emerge only at late times and become complex-conjugate pairs asymptotically, determining the asymptotic dynamics. This study supports the absence of freely propagating ghost particles in the asymptotic limit.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phquant-ph2 citations
20
The Coherence Principle: A Falsifiable Prior for Model Selection from the Grammar of Theories
Raul Jimenez🇪🇸 · Carlos Peña Garay🇪🇸 · Fergus Simpson🇪🇸 · Licia Verde🇪🇸
Bayesian model selection in cosmology and particle physics is often performed where posterior odds inherit a strong, often unacknowledged dependence on the prior assigned to competing models. Standard responses -- reference priors, hierarchical priors, or appeals to naturalness -- ignore relevant theoretical knowledge or rely on criteria hard to define operationally. We propose the \emph{Coherence Principle}: a reproducible prescription for assigning model priors according to compatibility with the validated structure of an existing theory. This structure, or \emph{grammar}, includes symmetries, conservation laws, locality, Lorentz invariance, and universality patterns. Unmotivated violations of these rules incur a coherence cost, converted into a prior weight through a maximum-entropy exponential form controlled by one calibratable parameter $α$ . The resulting prior is distinct from both the Bayesian Occam factor and naturalness: it penalizes not parameter volume or fine tuning, but departures from validated theoretical grammar. We illustrate the principle with examples from cosmology and fundamental physics: neutrino mass mechanisms, dark energy and modified gravity, inflation, beyond-Standard-Model sectors, and hierarchical astrophysical inference. We test it also on four historical cases -- general relativity, Pauli's neutrino, parity violation, and special relativity -- where evidential and theoretical contexts can be reconstructed. These examples show that it favors the historically successful choice when the proper grammar is defined in the correct domain and time. The Coherence Principle makes explicit a common but usually tacit part of physical reasoning: trust in validated structural rules. It turns this judgment into a transparent, testable, and overrulable component of Bayesian inference, leaving empirical likelihoods free to dominate when data are sufficiently constraining.
↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-phstat.ME1 citation
21
Gluon dominance model and multiparticle production
E. S. Kokoulina🇷🇺 · A. Ya. Kutov · V. A. Nikitin · V. N. Riadovikov · R. G. Shulyakovsky
The gluon dominance model describes multiparticle production of secondary particles at high energies in lepton and hadron interactions, including annihilation processes and heavy quarkonium decays. According to this model, the multiparticle process is divided into two stages. The first stage describes the development of a quark-gluon cascade as a Markov branching process in the region of perturbation QCD. For the second stage, the transformation of quarks and gluons into observable hadrons (hadronization), a phenomenological scheme is proposed. It is universal and based on an experiment. The gluon dominance model demonstrates good agreement with data over a wide energy region. It testifies that in hadron interactions valence quarks remain in the leading particles, and gluons are the sources of secondary hadrons. Quantitative estimates of the model parameters confirm the fragmentation mechanism of hadronization in leptonic interactions and the recombination mechanism in hadronic ones. The model description of the experimental distributions on the number of neutral pions in proton interactions at 50 GeV beams in the high multiplicity region are presented for the first time. It is shown that the main contribution to this region is made by gluon fission. These results can be useful in planning of future experiments.
↳ hep-exhep-phPoS(2026)·0 citations
22
Quantum simulation of neutrino oscillations with bosonic encoding
Sandeep Joshi🇮🇳
Superconducting qubits offer a versatile platform for quantum simulation. In this architecture, quantum information can be encoded in the bosonic modes of a microwave cavity, offering an alternative to conventional qubit-based encoding schemes. These cavity bosonic modes can be manipulated using a single ancillary qubit. In this work, we investigate the quantum simulation of two- and three-flavor neutrino oscillations using Fock-basis encoding of a cavity mode. We design pulse sequences for implementing the required unitary operations through selective number-dependent arbitrary phase (SNAP) and displacement gates. Pulse-level control is employed to realize high-fidelity gate operations on the encoded cavity mode. The resulting neutrino oscillation probabilities obtained from quantum simulation exhibit close agreement with the corresponding theoretical predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of cavity-based bosonic encoding schemes for quantum simulation.
↳ quant-phhep-ph0 citations
23
From Evidence to Evident: Decisive Cosmological Evidence for the Normal Neutrino Mass Hierarchy
Raul Jimenez🇪🇸 · Carlos Peña Garay🇪🇸 · Fergus Simpson🇪🇸 · Licia Verde🇪🇸
Cosmological data have reached the precision needed to turn the neutrino mass ordering from a weak Bayesian preference into a decisive model-selection test. We compute the evidence for the Normal and Inverted Hierarchies by combining DESI DR2 clustering with NuFIT oscillation data. In baseline $Λ$ CDM, DESI DR2 plus Planck CamSpec gives $Σ m_{ν} < 0.0642 eV$ at 95\% confidence, close to the normal-ordering floor, $Σ m_{ν}^{NH} ≃ 0.059 eV$ , but well below the inverted-ordering minimum, $Σ m_{ν}^{IH} ≃ 0.099 eV$ . Thus the inverted hierarchy lies in the tail of the cosmological likelihood. The Bayes factor $K = P (D ∣ NH) / P (D ∣ IH)$ exceeds $460$ even for a conservative reference prior, and remains strong, $K > 40$ , in baseline-model extensions. We show that this result is robust to the choice between a reference prior and a physically motivated logarithmic hierarchical prior, marking the transition from {\em prior-sensitive evidence} to {\em likelihood-dominated exclusion} of the inverted hierarchy within standard cosmology. Embedding these priors in the two-dimensional design space of measure (logarithmic versus linear in mass) and structure (hierarchical versus non-hierarchical), we find that all four prior constructions give decisive evidence under DESI DR2, with residual prior dependence governed mainly by the measure -- a factor $\sim 10$ in $K$ -- rather than by the hierarchy assumption. At the prior-family level, the evidence favors the SJPV prior predictive over HS by a Bayes factor above $4, 700$ across each matched-support variation tested. The favored normal ordering pushes the effective Majorana mass to the few-meV regime, with median $m_{β β} = 3.28 meV$ and 95\% credible interval $0.95 < m_{β β} < 11.55 meV$ , below the inverted-ordering target for upcoming neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph5 citations
24
QCD studies and precision physics at the LHeC
Francesco Giuli🇮🇹
The Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) would add a high-current Energy Recovery Linac to the HL-LHC, delivering electron-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies around the TeV scale. This contribution summarises the QCD and parton-distribution-function (PDF) aspects of the recent LHeC bridge-project study. The combination of high luminosity, a very large lever arm in Bjorken $x$ and $Q^{2}$ , and clean neutral- and charged-current deep-inelastic scattering measurements would enable a coherent determination of all proton PDFs in a single experiment. The resulting constraints would substantially reduce uncertainties in the gluon, valence, strange and heavy-flavour distributions, provide stringent tests of perturbative and small- $x$ QCD, and improve the parton luminosities that enter precision and discovery measurements at the HL-LHC and at future hadron colliders. The same programme gives competitive and complementary determinations of the strong coupling and weak mixing angle, including measurements of its running over a wide range of scales.
↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations
25
Resolving the Hubble Tension in the Early Dark Energy Framework with JWST and DESI Data
Guo-Hong Du🇨🇳 · Tian-Nuo Li🇨🇳 · Lu Yin🇨🇳 · Sheng-Han Zhou🇨🇳 · Hao Wang🇨🇳 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇨🇳
In the JWST and DESI era, the JWST high-redshift galaxy observations and DESI baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements severely challenge the standard $Λ$ CDM model, while the $H_{0}$ tension becomes increasingly prominent. In this work, we investigate the capability of the early dark energy (EDE) model to alleviate the $H_{0}$ tension utilizing cosmic microwave background data from Planck, ACT, and SPT, BAO data from DESI, and ultraviolet luminosity function observations from the JWST. Within the canonical axion EDE framework, the CMB+DESI+JWST data significantly increase the $H_{0}$ value to $71.58 \pm 1.05 km s^{- 1} Mp c^{- 1}$ , alleviating the $H_{0}$ tension to the $1.0 σ$ level. Simultaneously, this model improves the fit to the JWST data and exhibits statistical performance significantly better than the $Λ$ CDM model, with $Δ χ_{tot}^{2} = - 18.26$ and $Δ DIC = - 11.89$ . Our results highlight the complementary advantages of JWST high-redshift galaxy data alongside early- and late-time observations in testing EDE and alleviating the $H_{0}$ tension.
↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-ph7 citations
26
Bubble wall velocity and nucleation rates in inverse holographic phase transitions
Francesco Bigazzi🇮🇹 · Aldo L. Cotrone🇮🇹 · Natalia Pinzani-Fokeeva🇮🇹 · Tommaso Trabocchi🇮🇹
We study the dynamics of first-order inverse phase transitions (driven by superheating) at strong coupling, focusing on the top-down Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model for holographic QCD. Two cases are considered: the deconfinement transition in the unflavored version of the model and a chiral symmetry-restoring transition occurring in the deconfined phase of the full theory. In both cases, we imagine driving the system into a metastable phase at high temperature, inducing the nucleation of bubbles of the stable phase. For both classes of transitions, we find the corresponding Euclidean bounce solutions and compute the bubble nucleation rates and the relevant transition parameters. For the deconfinement transition, the large jump in the number of degrees of freedom between the two phases suggests that the bubble wall velocity is parametrically small; we provide a rough estimate of it near the critical temperature. In the case of the chiral transition, instead, we compute the bubble wall velocity and the friction force exerted on the bubbles employing motivated ansatze and approximations for the steady-state configurations.
↳ hep-thhep-ph1 citation
27
The Collins-Soper kernel from a vacuum soft function
Anthony Francis🇹🇼 · C.-J. David Lin🇹🇼 · Wayne Morris🇹🇼 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸
The Collins-Soper kernel is calculated from a vacuum soft function using space-like Wilson lines with complex-directional vectors on the Euclidean lattice. Our pure gauge calculations with this method achieve high statistical precision in computing the soft function, whose rapidity dependence is well described by Collins-Soper evolution across a wide range of rapidity differences. The extracted kernel contains errors comparable to those achieved in state-of-the-art lattice calculations based on hadronic observables, but exhibits saturated behavior at large transverse Wilson-line separations.
↳ hep-lathep-phhep-th2 citations
28
A Potential Black Hole Mimicker From Non-Minimal Coupling
Debanjan Debnath🇮🇳 · Rikpratik Sengupta🇮🇳 · Kaushik Bhattacharya🇮🇳
We present a class of horizonless, regular ultra-compact objects arising in a theory of gravity which allows curvature-fluid coupling. The non-minimal interaction between fluid variables and the Ricci scalar generates a vacuum-like equation of state in the interior, while the exterior remains exactly Schwarzschild. The two spacetimes are glued through a shell at the junction. The interior metric is non-singular, the shell acquires a stiff-matter equation of state, and near-horizon compactness can potentially mimic black-hole phenomenology without event horizons. Unlike the Mazur-Mottola gravastar and its variants, the present model naturally selects a typical ultra-compact mass-radius window, with masses in the range $1.4$ - $2.1 M_{⊙}$ and radii in the range 5-7 km. This framework predicts a unique geometric-thermodynamic shell temperature in the ultra-compact limit distinctly different from the Hawking expression and the other unique observational feature of the model is the prediction of mass independent luminosity.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-ph0 citations
29
Probing Long-Lived Particle Production in Muon Decays at the SNS with a Highly Capable Hydrocarbon Detector
M. Andriamirado🇺🇸 · A. B. Balantekin🇺🇸 · C. D. Bass🇺🇸 · O. Benevides Rodrigues🇺🇸 · E. P. Bernard🇺🇸 · N. S. Bowden🇺🇸 · C. D. Bryan🇺🇸 · R. Carr🇺🇸 · T. Classen🇺🇸 · A. J. Conant🇺🇸 · N. Craft🇺🇸 · G. Deichert🇺🇸 and 34 other authors
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a prolific muon producer, making it an ideal location for studying dark sector particles produced in muon decays at rest. In this paper, we explore sub-GeV dark particle detection possibilities in a tons-scale, highly capable hydrocarbon scintillator ( $H C^{2}$ ) detector at the SNS. We consider a search for $e^{+} e^{-}$ final states produced by decays of long-lived, $O (10 - 100)$ MeV axion-like particles and heavy neutral leptons. The $H C^{2}$ technology space, exemplified by the PROSPECT and Mobile Antineutrino Demonstrator detectors, offers strong rejection capabilities for the cosmic ray backgrounds that would normally dominate this search. By benchmarking on-surface cosmic ray signatures with data from PROSPECT at ORNL, we generate robust predictions for a multi-year SNS deployment of a range of $H C^{2}$ detector implementations. Results indicate the potential for order-of-magnitude improvements in sensitivity to axion-like particles and heavy neutral leptons in the 10-100 MeV mass regime compared to current global limits. We also comment on the neutrino detection possibilities of a $H C^{2}$ deployment at the SNS.
↳ hep-exhep-ph1 citation
30
Constraints on Cosmic Strings from the Curl-Mode CMB Lensing Power Spectrum measured by ACT DR6
A. I. Lonappan🇺🇸 · K. Ramesh🇮🇳 · T. Namikawa🇯🇵 · F. J. Qu🇺🇸 · B. Keating🇺🇸
A network of cosmic strings is one of the few well-motivated cosmological sources of vector and tensor metric perturbations on the largest observable scales. Such perturbations imprint a characteristic curl component in the deflection angle of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons that, unlike the scalar lensing potential, vanishes for adiabatic density fluctuations at linear order. We exploit the curl-mode lensing reconstruction released as part of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release~6 (DR6), based on five seasons of temperature and polarization data covering $9400 deg^{2}$ of sky, to set new constraints on the dimensionless string tension $G μ$ and the inter-commutation (reconnection) probability $P$ . Modelling the string-induced curl power spectrum within the velocity-dependent one-scale framework, we obtain a $2 σ$ upper bound on the combination $G μ P^{- 1} \leq 3.5 \times 1 0^{- 5}$ in the small- $P$ regime, and $G μ \leq 5.0 \times 1 0^{- 5}$ at $2 σ$ assuming the canonical Nambu-Goto value $P = 1$ . Combining the ACT DR6 curl bandpowers with the Planck 2013 curl-mode reconstruction, which extends down to $L_{min} = 2$ , tightens these bounds to $G μ P^{- 1} \leq 3.2 \times 1 0^{- 5}$ and $G μ \leq 4.3 \times 1 0^{- 5}$ ( $2 σ$ ). These represent the tightest constraints on cosmic strings derived from the curl-mode CMB lensing power spectrum to date. Using the ACT data alone, compared to the ACT 2008-season analysis, the ACT DR6 constraint on $G μ P^{- 1}$ is nearly an order of magnitude tighter.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph0 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE